Is motor response inhibition supported by a specialised neuronal inhibitory control mechanism, or by a more general system of action updating? This pre-registered study employed a context-cueing paradigm requiring both inhibitory and non-inhibitory action updating in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the specificity of responses under different updating conditions, including the cancellation of actions. Cortical regions of activity were found to be common to multiple forms of action updating. However, functional specificity during response inhibition was observed in the anterior right inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, fronto-subcortical activity was explored using a novel contrast method. These exploratory results indicate that the specificity for response inhibition observed in right prefrontal cortex continued downstream and was observed in right hemisphere subcortical activity, while left hemisphere activity was associated with right-hand response execution. Overall, our findings reveal both common and distinct correlates of response inhibition in prefrontal cortex, with exploratory analyses supporting putative models of subcortical pathways and extending them through the demonstration of lateralisation.

中文翻译：

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与反应抑制相关的皮质和皮质下功能特异性

运动反应抑制是由专门的神经元抑制控制机制支持，还是由更一般的动作更新系统支持？这项预先注册的研究采用了上下文提示范式，需要抑制性和非抑制性动作更新，并结合功能磁共振成像来测试不同更新条件下响应的特异性，包括取消动作。发现活动的皮质区域对于多种形式的动作更新是常见的。然而，在右前额下回中观察到反应抑制期间的功能特异性。此外，使用新的对比方法探索了额叶皮层下活动。这些探索性结果表明，在右前额叶皮层观察到的反应抑制特异性继续向下游延伸，并在右半球皮层下活动中观察到，而左半球活动与右手反应执行相关。总体而言，我们的研究结果揭示了前额叶皮层反应抑制的常见和不同相关性，探索性分析支持皮层下通路的假定模型，并通过侧化证明将其扩展。