Three types of 18-65 cylindrical lithium-ion cells with different positive active materials (NCA – nickel cobalt aluminium, NMC – nickel manganese cobalt, LFP – lithium iron phosphate), negative active material graphite average particle sizes (2 – 30 µm) and electrode designs (high power, high energy) were tested using an accelerated low earth orbit (LEO) CubeSat power profile cycle. Each design yields a unique energy density, power capability and cycle life. Each cell type was tested in a 3P group configuration at 10°C in atmospheric pressure (101 kPa-abs) and under vacuum (0.2 kPa-abs). Cell groups were operated in their respective pressure condition until they failed to successfully execute the accelerated LEO cycle. In atmospheric pressure and vacuum, both NMC groups failed due to internal resistance (IR) growth. The atmospheric pressure NCA group failed due to excessive internal gas build-up triggering the current interrupt device (CID) to electrically disconnect. The NCA group in vacuum failed from both IR growth and capacity degradation. The LFP groups both in atmospheric pressure and vacuum have completed approximately 5078 LEO cycles or 2800 equivalent cycles of initial measured coulombic capacity and are still operational with 19% and 21% capacity degradation from their initial measured coulombic capacity, respectively.

三种类型的18-65圆柱形锂离子电池，具有不同的正极活性物质（NCA –镍钴铝，NMC –镍锰钴，LFP –磷酸铁锂），负极活性物质石墨平均粒径（2 – 30 µm）和电极设计（高功率，高能量）使用加速的低地球轨道（LEO）CubeSat功率曲线进行了测试。每种设计均产生独特的能量密度，功率能力和循环寿命。在10°C的大气压（101 kPa-abs）和真空（0.2 kPa-abs）下以3P组配置测试每种电池类型。电池组在各自的压力条件下运行，直到无法成功执行加速的LEO循环。在大气压和真空下，两个NMC组均由于内部电阻（IR）的增长而失效。大气压NCA组由于内部气体过多积聚而失败，从而触发电流中断设备（CID）断开电连接。真空中的NCA组由于IR增长和容量降低而失败。在大气压和真空下的LFP组已经完成了大约5078个LEO循环或2800个等效循环的初始库仑容量测量，并且仍在运行，其初始库仑容量分别下降了19％和21％。