Stamen from Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan Bai' and Paeonia rockii is rich in phenolic compounds and popularly used as tea materials with various pharmaceutical functions. In order to investigate whether stamen from other tree peony cultivars could be used as a natural antioxidant, the quality of stamen from thirty-five cultivars collected from the same garden was evaluated based on their phenolic composition and content by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties coupled with comprehensive chemometrics analysis. The results revealed that phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of tree peony stamen were unique and cultivar dependent. Stamen from 'Zi Erqiao' exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonol content, and strongest antioxidant activities, while that of 'Fengdan Bai' and P. rockii were at below-average levels among test samples. Further, thirty-seven cultivars of tree peony were divided into three major groups with a significant difference in total metabolites content and antioxidant properties, which were mainly contributed by six phytochemical compounds. Among these, naringin and benzoylpaeoniflorin were found to be critical chemical markers for the identification of tree peony stamen with high quality by chemometric analysis. Moreover, correlation analysis suggested that stamen from the earlier flowering cultivars with the hidden pistil, double petal, shorter thrum, more carpel and volume were possibly of higher quality. Together, cultivars with stamen enriched in phenolics and antioxidants properties, and their relevant critical phenotypic and phytochemical traits were screened out. This study would benefit the rapid identification of tree peony stamen with high quality and provide a valuable reference for its development and utilization as functional foods and pharmaceutical resources.

雄蕊从凤丹“凤丹白”和紫斑富含酚类化合物和广泛用作各种药物的功能茶材料。为了研究是否可以将其他牡丹品种的雄蕊用作天然抗氧化剂，通过高效液相色谱分析和酚基酚含量和酚含量分析，评估了从同一花园采集的35个品种的雄蕊的品质。体外抗氧化剂特性以及全面的化学计量学分析。结果表明，牡丹雄蕊的酚含量和抗氧化能力是独特的，且与品种有关。雄蕊从“紫二乔”表现出最高的总酚和黄酮醇含量，和最强的抗氧化活性，而“白凤丹”和P.牡丹在测试样品中低于平均水平。此外，将37个牡丹品种分为三大类，它们的总代谢物含量和抗氧化特性差异显着，这主要是由6种植物化学成分贡献的。其中，柚皮苷和苯甲酰pa药苷是化学计量学鉴定高品质牡丹牡丹雄蕊的关键化学标记。此外，相关性分析表明，较早开花品种的雄蕊具有隐藏的雌蕊，双瓣，较短的茎，更多的心皮和更多的数量的雄蕊，其品质可能更高。一起，筛选出具有丰富酚类和抗氧化剂特性的雄蕊品种，以及它们相关的关键表型和植物化学特性。