There has been considerable interest and importance in using the “exchange reaction” to synthesize, modify, or functionalize metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), since the “exchange” can achieve desired changes in their structures and performances for various applications. In 2014, we published a critical review on this topic, in which the exchange of metal ions, ligands, and guests was discussed in detail. In the past five years, much progress has been made and some new and important results were published, which significantly promoted the development of MOF chemistry. In this review, the exchange reactions of the two main components of MOFs, namely metal center ions and ligands, are summarized based on the new results since 2014. The influence factors and processes of the exchange reactions are firstly discussed for guiding the design of functional MOFs. The lately reported works on exchange reactions of MOFs classified into two groups with seven subgroups are then introduced. Finally, a perspective is given, expecting that the exchange reactions will play a more and more important role in exploring novel or functional MOFs for applications in the future.

使用“交换反应”合成，修饰或功能化金属有机骨架（MOF）引起了极大的兴趣和重要性，因为“交换”可以在各种应用中实现其结构和性能的理想变化。2014年，我们发表了关于该主题的重要评论，其中详细讨论了金属离子，配体和来宾的交换。在过去的五年中，已经取得了很大的进步，并发表了一些新的重要成果，这些都大大促进了MOF化学的发展。在这篇综述中，基于2014年以来的新结果总结了MOF的两个主要成分的交换反应，即金属中心离子和配体。首先讨论了交换反应的影响因素和过程，以指导功能性MOF的设计。然后介绍了最近报道的关于MOF的交换反应的工作，这些MOFs被分为两组和七个亚组。最后，给出了一个观点，期望交换反应将在将来探索新颖或功能性的MOFs中发挥越来越重要的作用。