Abstract The function of the metamaterials is determined by the configuration and spatial arrangement of the lattice microstructure. Once manufactured, the geometry and function of the metamaterials are irreversible and cannot be adapted to the environment to be variable and adjustable. This paper studies a shape-reconfigurable, functionally deployable, mechanically adjustable and reusable intelligent multi-stable metamaterial. Based on a 4D printing method that combines digital additive manufacturing technique and thermally induced shape memory polymer exhibiting significant change in modulus of elasticity, this metamaterial is created with reconfigurable, self-expandable and mechanical properties adjustable features. The macroscopic deformation and the morphology change of the lattice microstructure on the metamaterial during the compression test are analyzed using experiment and finite element method. The adjustable, selectable, and controllable for micro-lattice in the metamaterial during deformation and recovery can be achieved by microstructure gradients and composite design methods. The new micro-lattice programmable mechanical metamaterial has excellent versatility and the ability to adapt to environmental changes. This 4D printed multi-stable metamaterial has broad application prospects, such as in soft robots, smart damping interfaces, aerospace adjustable and expandable structures, and tunable function devices.

中文翻译：

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具有机械可调性能的 4D 打印多稳态超材料

摘要 超材料的功能由晶格微结构的构型和空间排列决定。一旦制造出来，超材料的几何形状和功能是不可逆的，不能适应环境而变得可变和可调。本文研究了一种形状可重构、功能可部署、机械可调和可重复使用的智能多稳态超材料。基于将数字增材制造技术和热致形状记忆聚合物相结合的 4D 打印方法，弹性模量具有显着变化，这种超材料具有可重构、自膨胀和机械性能可调的特点。采用实验和有限元方法分析了超材料在压缩试验过程中的宏观变形和晶格微观结构的形貌变化。通过微结构梯度和复合设计方法可以实现变形和恢复过程中超材料中微晶格的可调、可选和可控。新型微晶格可编程机械超材料具有出色的通用性和适应环境变化的能力。这种4D打印的多稳态超材料具有广泛的应用前景，例如在软机器人、智能阻尼接口、航空航天可调可扩展结构、可调功能器件等方面。通过微结构梯度和复合设计方法可以实现变形和恢复过程中超材料中微晶格的可控性。新型微晶格可编程机械超材料具有出色的通用性和适应环境变化的能力。这种4D打印的多稳态超材料具有广泛的应用前景，例如在软机器人、智能阻尼接口、航空航天可调可扩展结构、可调功能器件等方面。通过微结构梯度和复合设计方法可以实现变形和恢复过程中超材料中微晶格的可控性。新型微晶格可编程机械超材料具有出色的通用性和适应环境变化的能力。这种4D打印的多稳态超材料具有广泛的应用前景，例如在软机器人、智能阻尼接口、航空航天可调可扩展结构、可调功能器件等方面。