Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photolysis, photocatalysis, ozonation, Fenton process, anodic oxidation, sonolysis, and wet air oxidation, have been investigated extensively for the removal of a wide range of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). A standalone AOP may not achieve complete removal of a broad group of TrOCs. When combined, AOPs produce more hydroxyl radicals, thus performing better degradation of the TrOCs. A number of studies have reported significant improvement in TrOC degradation efficiency by using a combination of AOPs. This review briefly discusses the individual AOPs and their limitations towards the degradation of TrOCs containing different functional groups. It also classifies integrated AOPs and comprehensively explains their effectiveness for the degradation of a wide range of TrOCs. Integrated AOPs are categorized as UV irradiation based AOPs, ozonation/Fenton process-based AOPs, and electrochemical AOPs. Under appropriate conditions, combined AOPs not only initiate degradation but may also lead to complete mineralization. Various factors can affect the efficiency of integrated processes including water chemistry, the molecular structure of TrCOs, and ions co-occurring in water. For example, the presence of organic ions (e.g., humic acid and fulvic acid) and inorganic ions (e.g., halide, carbonate, and nitrate ions) in water can have a significant impact. In general, these ions either convert to high redox potential radicals upon collision with other reactive species and increase the reaction rates, or may act as radical scavengers and decrease the process efficiency.

已广泛研究了高级氧化过程（AOP），例如光解，光催化，臭氧化，芬顿过程，阳极氧化，声解和湿空气氧化，以去除各种痕量有机污染物（TrOCs）。独立的AOP可能无法完全删除大量TrOC。结合使用时，AOP会产生更多的羟基自由基，从而更好地降解TrOC。大量研究表明，通过结合使用AOP，TrOC降解效率得到了显着提高。本文简要讨论了各个AOP及其对含有不同官能团的TrOC降解的限制。它还对集成的AOP进行了分类，并全面说明了它们对多种TrOC的降解的有效性。集成的AOP分为基于UV辐射的AOP，基于臭氧化/芬顿工艺的AOP和电化学AOP。在适当条件下，合并的AOPs不仅会引发降解，而且还可能导致完全矿化。各种因素都会影响集成过程的效率，包括水化学，TrCO的分子结构以及水中共存的离子。例如，有机离子的存在（例如，腐殖酸和黄腐酸）和水中的无机离子（例如卤离子，碳酸根和硝酸根离子）会产生重大影响。通常，这些离子在与其他反应物种发生碰撞时会转化为高氧化还原电位的自由基，从而增加反应速率，或者可能充当自由基清除剂并降低工艺效率。