Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected in the atmosphere of Bolu Mountain Highway Tunnel located on the axis of Edirne-Istanbul-Ankara on the main artery of Turkey, by using PUF samplers between 24 and June 29, 2018. Thirty-five major and trace metals, 11 water-soluble anions and cations, and OC and EC concentrations were determined at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel. Emission factor calculations were carried out with and without correction of the data set against crustal contributions. The non-crustal net concentration data set was used as an input for the factor analysis and factor analysis-multiple linear regression. Factor analysis identified five sources, namely, (1) road dust re-suspension, (2) road cover material and tyre wear abrasion, (3) brake pad solid lubricants, (4) diesel combustion emission, and (5) gasoline- LPG combustion emission. Contributions of identified sources on the TSP concentrations and emission factors were quantified by using the FA-MR technique and the results were discussed. Tin and Sb were identified and reported as the best marker for the brake-related non-exhaust emissions in the road tunnel. FA-MR results showed that 46, 60, 49, and 37% of Ba, Cu, Fe, and Mn, respectively were contributed by dust re-suspension. The main sources of EC (39%) and OC (49%) were observed to be gasoline-LPG emissions and 69% of sulfate and 62% of Pb in TSP fraction was contributed by diesel emission. Tin and Sb were mainly affected by the brake pad solid lubricant factor and 64% of Sn and 53% of Sb were contributed by this factor.

在2018年6月24日至6月29日期间，使用PUF采样器在位于土耳其主要动脉爱迪尔内-伊斯坦布尔-安卡拉轴线上的博卢山高速公路隧道的大气中收集了总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品。并在隧道的入口和出口处确定了痕量金属，11种水溶性阴离子和阳离子以及OC和EC的浓度。排放因子的计算是在有或没有针对地壳影响校正数据集的情况下进行的。非外壳净浓度数据集用作因子分析和因子分析-多元线性回归的输入。因子分析确定了五种来源，即（1）重新悬浮道路灰尘，（2）道路覆盖材料和轮胎磨损，（3）制动衬块固体润滑剂，（4）柴油燃烧排放，（5）汽油LPG燃烧排放。使用FA-MR技术对确定的来源对TSP浓度和排放因子的贡献进行定量，并讨论了结果。锡和锑被确定并报告为公路隧道中与制动相关的非废气排放的最佳标志。FA-MR结果表明，粉尘的再悬浮分别占Ba，Cu，Fe和Mn的46％，60％，49％和37％。观察到EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油的排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。使用FA-MR技术对确定的来源对TSP浓度和排放因子的贡献进行定量，并讨论了结果。锡和锑被确定并报告为公路隧道中与制动相关的非废气排放的最佳标志。FA-MR结果表明，粉尘的再悬浮分别占Ba，Cu，Fe和Mn的46％，60％，49％和37％。观察到EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油的排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。使用FA-MR技术对确定的来源对TSP浓度和排放因子的贡献进行定量，并讨论了结果。锡和锑被确定并报告为公路隧道中与制动相关的非废气排放的最佳标志。FA-MR结果表明，粉尘的再悬浮分别占Ba，Cu，Fe和Mn的46％，60％，49％和37％。观察到EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油的排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。锡和锑被确定并报告为公路隧道中与制动相关的非废气排放的最佳标志。FA-MR结果表明，粉尘的再悬浮分别占Ba，Cu，Fe和Mn的46％，60％，49％和37％。观察到的EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。锡和锑被确定并报告为公路隧道中与制动相关的非废气排放的最佳标志。FA-MR结果表明，粉尘的再悬浮分别占Ba，Cu，Fe和Mn的46％，60％，49％和37％。观察到EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油的排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。观察到EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油的排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。观察到EC（39％）和OC（49％）的主要来源是汽油-LPG排放，TSP馏分中的69％的硫酸盐和62％的Pb归因于柴油的排放。锡和锑主要受制动衬块固体润滑因子的影响，该因子贡献了64％的锡和53％的锑。