Relapse remains the worst life-threatening complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whose prognosis has been historically dismal. Given the rapid development of genomics and immunotherapies, the interference strategies for AML recurrence have been changing these years. More and more novel targeting agents that have received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for de novo AML treatment have been administrated in the salvage or maintenance therapy of post-HSCT relapse. Targeted strategies that regulate the immune microenvironment of and optimize the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect of immune cells are gradually improved. Such agents not only have been proven to achieve clinical benefits from a single drug, but if combined with classic therapies, can significantly improve the poor prognosis of AML patients who relapse after allo-HSCT. This review will focus on currently available and promising upcoming agents and also discuss the challenges and limitations of targeted therapies in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation community.

复发仍是急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患者的异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）之后最致命的危及生命的并发症。鉴于基因组学和免疫疗法的飞速发展，近年来，AML复发的干扰策略已经发生了变化。在HSCT复发后的挽救或维持治疗中，越来越多的新型靶向药物已获得美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的从头AML治疗批准。靶向策略可调节移植物的免疫微环境并优化移植物与白血病（GVL）免疫细胞的作用正在逐渐改善。此类药物不仅已被证明可以从单一药物中获得临床收益，而且如果与经典疗法结合使用，则可以显着改善异基因造血干细胞移植术后复发的AML患者的不良预后。这篇综述将集中在当前可用的和有希望的即将到来的药物上，还将讨论同种异体造血干细胞移植社区中靶向治疗的挑战和局限性。