Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great attention in optoelectronics because of their unique structure, optical and electrical properties. Designing high-performance photodetectors and implementing their applications are eager to promote the development of 2D materials. Position-sensitive detector (PSD) is an optical inspection device for the precise measurements of position, distance, angle, and other relevant physical variables. It is a widely used component in the fields of tracking, aerospace, nanorobotics, and so forth. Essentially, PSD is also a photodetector based on the lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE). This article reviews recent progress in high-performance PSD based on 2D materials. The high-sensitive photodetectors and LPE involved in 2D photodetectors are firstly discussed. Then, we introduce the research progress of PSD based on 2D materials and analyze the carrier dynamics in different device structures. Finally, we summarize the functionalities and applications of PSD based on 2D materials, and highlight the challenges and opportunities in this research area.

二维（2D）材料因其独特的结构，光学和电学特性而在光电领域引起了极大的关注。设计高性能光电探测器并实现其应用迫切需要促进2D材料的开发。位置敏感检测器（PSD）是一种光学检测设备，用于精确测量位置，距离，角度和其他相关物理变量。它是跟踪，航空航天，纳米机器人等领域中广泛使用的组件。本质上，PSD还是基于横向光伏效应（LPE）的光电探测器。本文回顾了基于2D材料的高性能PSD的最新进展。首先讨论了二维光电探测器中涉及的高灵敏度光电探测器和LPE。然后，介绍了基于二维材料的PSD的研究进展，并分析了不同器件结构中的载流子动力学。最后，我们总结了基于2D材料的PSD的功能和应用，并重点介绍了该研究领域中的挑战和机遇。