Agapornis are a group of small African parrots that are heavily traded around the world. They are invasive species in many places, but some of them are listed as Vulnerable or Near Threatened. However, the genetic tools for assessing inter-individual relationships, population structure, and genetic diversity of these birds are very limited. Therefore, we developed polymorphic microsatellite markers in A. roseicollis and tested the transferability on 5 lovebird species including A. personatus, A. nigrigenis, A. fischeri, A. pullarius, and A. canus, and two closely related outgroups (i.e. Bolbopsittacus lunulatus and Loriculus galgulus). We first performed whole-genome re-sequencing on five individuals of A. roseicollis to identify potential polymorphic loci. Out of 37 loci tested in 11 A. roseicollis, 27 loci were demonstrated to be polymorphic, with the number of the alleles ranging from 2 to 7 (mean = 3.963). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.875 (mean = 0.481) and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.233 to 0.842 (mean = 0.642). Five loci (Agro-A13, p < 0.01; Agro-A15, p < 0.05; Agro-A43, p < 0.05, Agro-A65, p < 0.05; Agro-A67, p < 0.05) were detected to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with the presence of null alleles suggested in locus Agro-A13 and Agro-A77. The exclusion powers for PE1 and PE2 are 0.997 and 0.999, respectively. The 27 novel polymorphic markers developed here will be useful for parentage and kinship assignment and population genetics study in Agapornis, and provide a tool for scientific research, captive breeding industry, and invasion and conservation management of these species.

Agapornis是一群在世界各地大量交易的小型非洲鹦鹉。它们在许多地方都是入侵物种，但其中一些被列为易危或近危物种。然而，用于评估这些鸟类的个体间关系、种群结构和遗传多样性的遗传工具非常有限。因此，我们在A. roseicollis中开发了多态性微卫星标记，并测试了 5 种爱情鸟的可转移性，包括A. personatus、A. nigrigenis、A. fischeri、A. pullarius和A. canus，以及两个密切相关的外群（即Bolbopsittacus lunulatus和大袋鼠）。我们首先对A. roseicollis的五个个体进行了全基因组重测序，以确定潜在的多态性位点。在 11 个A. roseicollis中测试的 37 个位点中，有 27 个位点被证明是多态性的，等位基因的数量范围为 2 到 7（平均值 = 3.963）。观察到的杂合性范围为 0 至 0.875（平均值 = 0.481），预期杂合性范围为 0.233 至 0.842（平均值 = 0.642）。五个位点（Agro-A13，p  < 0.01；Agro-A15，p <  0.05；Agro-A43，p <  0.05，Agro-A65，p  < 0.05；Agro-A67，p < 0.05) 被检测到偏离 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡，在基因座Agro-A13和Agro-A77 中存在无效等位基因。PE1 和 PE2 的排除能力分别为 0.997 和 0.999。本文开发的27个新型多态性标记将对龙舌兰的亲缘关系鉴定和种群遗传学研究具有重要意义，为该物种的科学研究、圈养养殖业、入侵和保护管理提供工具。