Abstract

Comprehensive studies of soils in some Russian cities (Nadym, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Kursk, and Sochi) were carried out. In relation to natural analogues, the direction and degree of changes in the properties of the upper soil horizons and the state of soil microorganisms are controlled by the natural zone, where the city is located, and by the kind and level of anthropogenic load. Most often, the C_org content, pH, and the electric conductivity in urban soils of northern regions reliably increase in comparison with those in their natural analogues, while urban soils in southern regions manifest diverse trends. In the soils of all cities, the number of cultivated prokaryotes increases reliably (by 1.5–5.2 times), as well as the percentage of microorganisms–indicators of urbanization, such as actinomycetes (by 33–71%) and Rhodococci (by 18–27%) secreted on selective media. According to the degree of soil transformation, urban landscapes may be ranked as follows: park-recreational, residential, residential-transport. The intensity of the functional activity of microorganisms points to the disturbed biogeochemical cycles of elements in urban soils. The emission of carbon dioxide and methane, as well as nitrogen fixation, displays an intricate dependence on the position of the city in the natural zone and on the level of anthropogenic load.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯一些城市土壤中微生物群落的生物活性

摘要

对俄罗斯一些城市（纳迪姆，雅罗斯拉夫尔，莫斯科，车里雅宾斯克，库尔斯克和索契）的土壤进行了综合研究。关于自然类似物，高层土壤层的特性变化的方向和程度以及土壤微生物的状态由城市所在的自然区以及人为负荷的种类和水平控制。最常见的是C _org与天然类似物相比，北部地区城市土壤中的含量，pH值和电导率确实增加，而南部地区城市土壤则表现出不同的趋势。在所有城市的土壤中，耕种的原核生物的数量可靠地增加（增加了1.5-5.2倍），微生物的百分比（如放线菌（增加了33-71％）和红球菌（增加了18- 27％）分泌在选择性培养基上。根据土壤转化的程度，城市景观可分为：公园休闲，住宅，住宅运输。微生物功能活动的强度表明城市土壤中元素的生物地球化学循环受到干扰。二氧化碳和甲烷的排放以及固氮