The quality of drinking water and agricultural soil significantly affects the health of residents of the area. The quality of groundwater used as drinking and irrigation water along with agricultural soil of an agri-intensive region of the Sutlej River Basin (SRB), Punjab (India), has been investigated in the present paper to further access their impacts on human health. The quality parameters studied are pH, conductivity, cations, anions and trace elements/heavy metals. The spatio-distribution maps of major contaminates have been made. The distribution of major existing groundwater and agricultural soil contaminants has also been illustrated using inverse distance weighting interpolation technique. Further, the Pearson correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) have been applied to explore the correlation and source apportionment analysis for the contaminants. Finally, the health risk assessment study has also been performed. The results showed elevated levels [compared to BIS acceptable limits] of bicarbonate and total hardness in more than 90% groundwater samples, while the concentration of Se and U exceeded in around 25% samples. Spatial distribution maps showed a non-homologous distribution pattern for most of the heavy metals except Zn, indicating their different origins. The significant existence of Se and U in groundwater and low content in soils indicated their geogenic origin. The Gibbs diagram suggested that rock–water interaction is the primary process controlling the chemical evolution of the groundwater in the region. The PCA indicated that Cu, Mn, Pb, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ in groundwater have an anthropogenic origin, whereas Fe, As and U are mainly of geogenic origin. Significant positive correlations of heavy metals with Fe and Al in soils indicated scavenging of these elements by Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides minerals. Based on SAR, Na%, PI and corrosivity ratio analysis, it can be concluded that groundwater of the region is suitable for irrigation purposes Further, health risk assessment study indicated Cr and As are the possible cancer risk posing elements from both soil and groundwater. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that cumulative exposure (hazard index—1.98) of U (HQ 1.21), NO₃⁻ (HQ 0.37) and F⁻ (HQ 0.34) might pose harmful impacts to residents through groundwater ingestion in the long term. Although currently the contaminants in the groundwater–soil system may not pose any human health risks, continuous long-term monitoring is required to keep a check on the changes in their quality with time.

饮用水和农业土壤的质量显着影响该地区居民的健康。本文研究了旁遮普邦（印度）苏特利河流域（SRB）农业密集区的用作饮用水和灌溉水的地下水以及农业土壤的质量，以进一步了解其对人体健康的影响。研究的质量参数是pH，电导率，阳离子，阴离子和微量元素/重金属。绘制了主要污染物的空间分布图。现有的主要地下水和农业土壤污染物的分布也已通过反距离加权插值技术进行了说明。进一步，皮尔逊相关矩阵和主成分分析（PCA）已用于探讨污染物的相关性和源分配分析。最后，还进行了健康风险评估研究。结果表明，在90％以上的地下水样品中，碳酸氢盐的含量（与BIS可接受的限值相比）和总硬度升高，而在大约25％的样品中，Se和U的浓度超过了。空间分布图显示了除锌以外的大多数重金属的非同源分布模式，表明它们的起源不同。地下水中硒和铀的大量存在以及土壤中的低含量表明其成因。吉布斯图表明，岩水相互作用是控制该地区地下水化学演化的主要过程。₃ ^-和SO ₄ ^2-中的地下水具有人类来源的，而铁，由于和U是主要环境地球化学来源的。土壤中重金属与Fe和Al的显着正相关表明Fe / Al-羟基氢氧化物矿物清除了这些元素。根据比吸收率，Na％，PI和腐蚀性比分析，可以得出该地区的地下水适合灌溉的目的。此外，健康风险评估研究表明，Cr和As是土壤和地下水中可能构成癌症风险的因素。非致癌风险评估表明，U（HQ 1.21）的累积暴露（危险指数1.98），NO ₃ ^-（HQ 0.37）和F ^-（HQ 0.34）长期可能通过摄入地下水对居民造成有害影响。尽管目前地下水-土壤系统中的污染物可能不会对人类健康构成任何威胁，但仍需要进行连续的长期监测以检查其质量随时间的变化。