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Shoot-Formation Model as a Basis for Adaptations of Flowering Plants
Contemporary Problems of Ecology ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1134/s1995425520030105
N. P. Savinykh , S. V. Shabalkina

Abstract

This study describes the biomorphology of plants living under variable watering conditions. Its outcome expands the concept of a modular organization as a constructive and representative approach to comparative-morphological analysis and unraveling the ways of biomorph evolution. The structural organization of biomorphs growing in sites composed of gradients of humidification stability (from floodplain meadows to coasts, water cuts, and beaches) is examined on a base of systemic and complementary approaches. Model plant species—Solanum ulcamara, Thalictrum simplex, Lysimachia vulgaris, Lycopus europaeus, Stellaria palustris Persicaria amphibia, and Erysimum cheiranthoides—are studied. It is determined that acceleration in the vegetative and generative spheres entails the appearance of monocarps in the hygrophilic evolutional line. It is shown that the ontogenesis of individuals of seed and vegetative origin is reduced to a single fruiting, and the specificity of the shoot-formation model is preserved in plants of all the considered biotopes. Such a specific sign is identified as the internode elongation in the shoots located in the substrate, in the supersubstrate parts under flooding, in grass rags, or in dense grass under low light. Another sign is a sympodial growth by formation of the replacement shoots. On the model species, it is determined that plant adaptability is supported by the changes in individual structural elements of the monocarpic shoots; the structural and functional zonation of the monocarpic shoots determines the autonomization of the individual’s parts. Our results confirm the idea that the monocarpic shoot and the system formed on its basis belong to the category of axes of an herbaceous plant as part of an architectural unit (in terms of D. Barthelemy and Y. Caraglio). Our data make it possible to conclude that reservoir settlement with flowering plants is possible for long-shoot long-rhizome grasses and subshrub vines. Two evolutional directions are possible: (1) the emergence of monocarpic annuals and (2) the emergence of short-lived and annual plants of vegetative origin associated with the formation of acentric and clearly polycentric stolon-forming and root-shoot biomorphs.


中文翻译:

芽形成模型作为开花植物适应的基础

摘要

这项研究描述了生活在变化的浇水条件下的植物的生物形态。其结果扩展了模块化组织的概念,将其作为一种具有建设性和代表性的方法进行比较形态学分析,并阐明了生物形态演化的方式。在系统和补充方法的基础上,研究了由湿润稳定性梯度(从洪泛区草甸到沿海,水域和海滩)组成的站点中生长的生物形态的结构组织。模式植物物种龙ulcamara唐松草比较单一毛黄连花欧地笋繁缕沼泽两栖蓼小花糖芥-研究。确定在营养和生殖领域的加速需要在亲水性进化系中出现单果树。结果表明,种子和营养来源的个体的个体发育减少到单结果,并且在所有考虑到的生物表位的植物中都保留了芽形成模型的特异性。这样的特定信号被识别为位于基体中的芽中,泛滥下的超基体部分,碎布中或弱光下的茂密草中的节间伸长。另一个迹象是通过形成新芽引起的sym生生长。在模型物种上,确定了植物适应性是由单掌芽的单个结构元素的变化所支持的。单掌芽的结构和功能分区决定了个体部位的自主性。我们的结果证实了这样的想法,即单掌芽和在其基础上形成的系统属于作为建筑单元一部分的草本植物的轴类(根据D. Barthelemy和Y. Caraglio)。我们的数据可以得出结论,对于长茎长根茎草和亚灌木藤本植物,可能会开花植物来蓄水。可能有两个进化方向:(1)单果类的一年生植物的出现和(2)营养型的短命和一年生植物的出现,与无心和明显多中心的lon茎形成和根茎生物形态的形成有关。我们的结果证实了这样的想法,即单掌芽和在其基础上形成的系统属于作为建筑单元一部分的草本植物的轴类(按D. Barthelemy和Y. Caraglio而言)。我们的数据可以得出结论,对于长茎长根茎草和亚灌木藤本植物,可能会开花植物来蓄水。可能有两个进化方向:(1)单果类的一年生植物的出现和(2)营养型的短命和一年生植物的出现,与无心和明显多中心的lon茎形成和根茎生物形态的形成有关。我们的结果证实了这样的想法,即单掌芽和在其基础上形成的系统属于作为建筑单元一部分的草本植物的轴类(按D. Barthelemy和Y. Caraglio而言)。我们的数据可以得出结论,对于长茎长根茎草和亚灌木藤本植物,用开花植物进行水库沉积是可能的。可能有两个进化方向:(1)单果类的一年生植物的出现和(2)营养型的短命和一年生植物的出现,与无心和明显多中心的lon茎形成和根茎生物形态的形成有关。我们的数据可以得出结论,对于长茎长根茎草和亚灌木藤本植物,用开花植物进行水库沉积是可能的。可能有两个进化方向:(1)单果类的一年生植物的出现和(2)营养型的短命和一年生植物的出现,与无心和明显多中心的lon茎形成和根茎生物形态的形成有关。我们的数据可以得出结论,对于长茎长根茎草和亚灌木藤本植物,可能会开花植物来蓄水。可能有两个进化方向:(1)单果类的一年生植物的出现和(2)营养型的短命和一年生植物的出现,与无心和明显多中心的lon茎形成和根茎生物形态的形成有关。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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