Abstract

The goal of this study is to investigate the localization of dormant buds and the features of the structures arising from the buds in coniferous and deciduous trees in response to age-related changes and various growing conditions. The crown is analyzed using architectural models and the reiteration concept. It is found that the dormant buds in deciduous trees are usually at the bases of annual growth. The dormant buds in conifers are at the bases of annual growth, in the axils of bud scales, or along the entire length of the shoot in the axils of needles and in the shoot distal part. It is revealed that the terminal buds of short shoots can function as dormant buds. The natural aging of skeletal axes is an endogenous factor of the development of shoots from dormant buds in deciduous trees. In evergreen conifers, it is the plant’s response to needle aging. This leads to the induction of the growth of dormant buds and to the acropetal appearance of the buds on the mother axis in conifers. The reiterated complexes of deciduous trees form in response to the completion of the axis development cycle, which initiates dormant buds in the centripetal direction. The reiterated complexes of conifers look like bundles: such structures form due to the easy initiation of dormant buds, which leads to the formation of the shoots of other orders. The reiterated complexes of deciduous trees are characterized by prolonged growth, acrotonicic branching, and orthotropic growth direction. The crown of the old generative and senile deciduous trees consists almost entirely of reiterated complexes. It has been found that conifers have a different degree of participation of dormant buds in the crown formation, which can vary significantly within the same genus. The reiterated complexes of Picea abies (L.) Karst. replace small twigs. In some other species (for example, Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et E. Mey., Abies sibirica Ledeb., Pinussibirica Du Tour.), the reiterated complexes can also replace the skeletal branches extending from the trunk. No secondary crown is formed in Pinus sylvestris L.

中文翻译：

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温带区针叶树和落叶树在树冠休眠中的作用

摘要

这项研究的目的是调查针叶树和落叶树中随着年龄相关的变化和各种生长条件而休眠的芽的定位以及芽的结构特征。使用建筑模型和重复概念对表冠进行分析。研究发现，落叶乔木中的休眠芽通常是每年生长的基础。针叶树中处于休眠状态的芽处于年生生长的基部，在芽鳞的腋中，或在针的腋中和芽的远端部分沿着芽的整个长度。结果表明，短芽的顶芽可以作为休眠芽。骨骼轴的自然衰老是落叶树中芽从休眠芽发育的内生因素。在常绿针叶树中 这是植物对针叶老化的反应。这导致了针叶树中休眠芽的生长的诱导以及芽在母轴上的顶状外观。重复的落叶乔木复合体是根据轴发育周期的完成而形成的，该周期会在向心方向上引发休眠芽。重复的针叶树复合物看起来像束：由于容易萌生休眠芽而形成这种结构，从而导致形成其他顺序的芽。重申的落叶乔木复合体的特征在于延长的生长，高支的分支和正交异性的生长方向。古老的高龄落叶树的树冠几乎完全由重复的复合物组成。业已发现，针叶树的休眠芽在冠形成过程中的参与程度不同，在同一属中针叶的变化很大。重申的复合体云杉云杉（L.）更换小树枝。在其他一些物种中（例如Picea schrenkiana Fisch。等，E。Mey。，Abies sibirica Ledeb。，Pinus sibirica Du Tour。），重申的复合物也可以代替从树干延伸的骨骼分支。樟子松未形成次生冠。