Worldwide, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases. In OA, profiling gene expression changes occur and cartilage tissue homeostasis is lost. Suggestions for OA treatment include regulation of gene expressions via the use of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, problems exist with the use of miRNAs, the most important of which is the delivery of sufficient amounts of effective miRNAs to save cartilage tissue. The engineering of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with the use of advanced techniques would be an efficient OA treatment. Therefore, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in terms of cartilage tissue regeneration and review recent advances in production of enriched EVs and miRNA delivery by EVs for future clinical applications.

在世界范围内，骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的慢性疾病之一。在 OA 中，基因表达谱发生变化，软骨组织稳态丧失。 OA 治疗的建议包括通过使用 microRNA (miRNA) 调节基因表达。然而，miRNA的使用存在问题，其中最重要的是输送足够量的有效miRNA来拯救软骨组织。利用先进技术对细胞外囊泡 (EV) 进行改造将是一种有效的 OA 治疗方法。因此，我们讨论了 miRNA 在软骨组织再生方面的重要性，并回顾了富集 EV 生产和 EV 递送 miRNA 的最新进展，以用于未来的临床应用。