BACKGROUND:Berry processing residues called pomaces are rich in polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, and minerals. Polyphenols are reported to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes mellitus, owing to their anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of five Vaccinium spp. berry pomace extracts using LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocytes and a COX-2 inhibition assay. METHODS:THP-1 monocytes were pre-incubated with chemically characterized bilberry, blueberry, American cranberry, bog cranberry, and lingonberry pomace extracts following LPS stimulation. NF-κB nuclear translocation was assessed by flow cytometry. TNF-α, MMP-9, IL-23, IL-10, IL-1β, CCL22, and IL-8 secretion was analyzed in cell culture supernatant by using Luminex assay and ELISA. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-23, and TGF-β1 was assessed by qPCR, and COX-2 activity was determined by a fluorometric inhibition assay. RESULTS:All berry pomace extracts tested, except for lingonberry, inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. All five extracts significantly downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited COX-2 activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS:Vaccinium spp. pomace extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in an LPS-stimulated THP-1 cell inflammation model and inhibited COX-2 activity. Thus, Vaccinium spp. berry pomace extracts could serve as a valuable source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

中文翻译：

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五种越橘浆果渣提取物对LPS刺激的THP-1单核细胞中NF-κB通路的抑制和COX-2活性的体外研究

背景：浆果加工残渣称为豆蔻，富含多酚，糖，有机酸和矿物质。据报道，多酚具有抗炎活性，可降低包括心血管疾病，癌症和糖尿病在内的非传染性疾病的风险。目的：我们旨在评估五种牛痘菌的抗炎特性。浆果果渣提取物使用LPS刺激的THP-1单核细胞和COX-2抑制分析。方法：在LPS刺激下，将THP-1单核细胞与化学特征的越橘，蓝莓，美洲小红莓，沼泽小红莓和越橘果渣提取物预孵育。通过流式细胞术评估NF-κB核易位。使用Luminex分析和ELISA分析细胞培养上清液中的TNF-α，MMP-9，IL-23，IL-10，IL-1β，CCL22和IL-8分泌。通过qPCR评估IL-6，TNF-α，IL-10，IL-23和TGF-β1的表达，并通过荧光抑制测定法测定COX-2活性。结果：除越橘外，所有测试的浆果果渣提取物均抑制LPS诱导的NF-κB核移位。所有五种提取物均显着下调促炎性细胞因子的表达并在体外抑制COX-2活性。结论：牛痘菌。果渣提取物在LPS刺激的THP-1细胞炎症模型中显示出抗炎特性，并抑制了COX-2活性。因此，牛痘属。浆果果渣提取物可作为抗炎化合物的重要来源。除越橘外，抑制LPS诱导的NF-κB核移位。所有五种提取物均显着下调促炎性细胞因子的表达并在体外抑制COX-2活性。结论：牛痘菌。果渣提取物在LPS刺激的THP-1细胞炎症模型中显示出抗炎特性，并抑制了COX-2活性。因此，牛痘属。浆果果渣提取物可作为抗炎化合物的重要来源。除越橘外，抑制LPS诱导的NF-κB核移位。所有五种提取物均显着下调促炎性细胞因子的表达并在体外抑制COX-2活性。结论：牛痘菌。果渣提取物在LPS刺激的THP-1细胞炎症模型中显示出抗炎特性，并抑制了COX-2活性。因此，牛痘属。浆果果渣提取物可作为抗炎化合物的重要来源。牛痘菌 浆果果渣提取物可作为抗炎化合物的重要来源。牛痘菌 浆果果渣提取物可作为抗炎化合物的重要来源。