Bio-based curing agents and epoxy resins have been used extensively for decades to replace petrochemical-based curing agents and epoxy resins due to their low environmental impact, easy availability, low cost and biodegradability. Petrochemical resources are nonrenewable resources; it is difficult to guarantee the sustainable development prospect for long-term exploitation. As a result, resin manufacturers and end-users have shown great interest in the development of low-toxicity renewable substitutes. Natural resources, such as rosin, vegetable oils, lignin and chitosan, are an abundant source of precursors for producing curing agents and epoxy resins. The present review mainly focuses on the recent advances in various chemical modifications of bio-based precursors, synthesis of various curing agents and epoxy resins and their performance and applications in comparison with that of petrochemical-based curing agents and epoxy resins. Bio-based curing agents should be viewed on the entire supply chain including feedstock and final products to achieve the best sustainability gains.

中文翻译：

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基于生物质资源的环氧树脂体系的开发进展

由于生物基固化剂和环氧树脂对环境的影响小，易于获得，成本低且可生物降解，因此已广泛用于替代石油化工基固化剂和环氧树脂。石化资源是不可再生资源；难以保证长期开采的可持续发展前景。结果，树脂制造商和最终用户对开发低毒性可再生替代品表现出极大的兴趣。松香，植物油，木质素和壳聚糖等自然资源是生产固化剂和环氧树脂的大量前体来源。本综述主要侧重于生物基前体的各种化学修饰的最新进展，与基于石化的固化剂和环氧树脂相比，各种固化剂和环氧树脂的合成及其性能和应用。应该在整个供应链中使用生物基固化剂，包括原料和最终产品，以实现最佳的可持续性收益。