The present study refers to the effects of reverse faulting in dry sand on the mechanical response of a tunnel lining. Seven centrifuge tests (five tests with tunnel and fault rupture and two tests without tunnel and with fault rupture as free field) were performed in this research and finite-element models are utilised to gain further insight into the interaction between reverse faulting and the tunnel. The effects of tunnel location and tunnel rigidity are investigated based on the experimental results. Results show that the tunnel location with respect to the location of the fault tip and the rigidity of the tunnel are important parameters affecting the mechanical response of the tunnel lining. The centrifuge tests, in prototype scale, were simulated numerically using a two-dimensional explicit finite-element model in a plane-strain condition. Good agreement between the numerical analysis and centrifuge test results was obtained, indicating proper numerical modelling. A numerical parametric study was then conducted to investigate the safe zone around the fault region for tunnel construction. Finally, it was concluded that the internal forces in the tunnel lining are highly affected by soil stress redistribution caused by faulting.

中文翻译：

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离心试验和数值分析评价断层对隧道衬砌力学响应的反作用效应

本研究涉及干砂反向断层对隧道衬砌力学响应的影响。在这项研究中，进行了七次离心试验（五次有隧道和断层破裂的试验，以及两次无隧道和以断层破裂为自由场的试验），并利用有限元模型进一步了解了反向断层与隧道之间的相互作用。根据试验结果，研究了隧道位置和隧道刚度的影响。结果表明，相对于断层尖端位置的隧道位置和隧道的刚度是影响隧道衬砌力学响应的重要参数。在平面应变条件下，使用二维显式有限元模型以原型方式对离心试验进行了数值模拟。数值分析与离心机测试结果之间取得了很好的一致性，表明正确的数值建模。然后进行了数值参数研究，以研究断层区域周围的安全区域以进行隧道施工。最后，得出的结论是，隧道内衬的内力受到断层引起的土壤应力重新分布的极大影响。