Introduction: There is accumulating evidence on the beneficial effect of exercise intervention in the management of metabolic disorders; however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, the current study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on serum and adipose-tissue markers of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.
Methods: A total of 45 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into groups of normal chow (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=35). Then, rats receiving the HFD were randomly divided into four groups. Training programs were performed for 5 days/week over 10 weeks. The CET protocol included 30 minutes running at 50%– 60% of VO _2max. The HIIT protocol consisted of five repeated intervals of 2-minute sprints on the treadmill at 80%– 90% VO _2max workload with 1 minute’s 30%– 35% VO _2max interval for each rat. Then, biochemical parameters were assessed. Macrophage-polarization markers were assessed at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.
Results: Both exercise-training programs, especially HIIT, reversed increased serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and hsCRP), M1-polarization markers (circulating IL6, TNFα, and adipose-tissue mRNA expression of IL6, TNFα and iNOS), M2 markers (CD206, CD163, and IL10 expression), as well as pIκKB, pNFκB, and NICD expression in HFD-induced diabetes.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that despite devoting less time, the HIIT workout is a more effective intervention for diabetes management. Moreover, HIIT reverses HFD-induced macrophage polarization by targeting the NFκB and NOTCH signaling pathways.

Keywords: obesity, diabetes, macrophage polarization, high-intensity interval training, continuous endurance training


中文翻译：

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高强度间歇训练通过抑制 NOTCH 信号逆转高脂饮食诱导的大鼠脂肪组织 M1 巨噬细胞极化

引言：越来越多的证据表明运动干预在代谢紊乱的管理中的有益作用；然而，分子机制仍不清楚。在这里，目前的研究旨在比较高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和持续耐力训练 (CET) 对 M1/M2 巨噬细胞极化的血清和脂肪组织标志物的影响。
方法：将45只健康雄性Wistar大鼠分为正常饮食组（n=10）和高脂饮食组（HFD）（n=35）。然后，将接受 HFD 的大鼠随机分为四组。培训计划在 10 周内每周进行 5 天。_{CET 方案包括以 50%– 60% 的 VO 2max}运行 30 分钟. _{HIIT 方案包括在跑步机上以 80%–90% VO 2max}工作量和 1 分钟的 30%–35% VO _2max间隔在跑步机上进行 5 次重复的 2 分钟冲刺间隔。然后，评估生化参数。分别通过实时 PCR 和蛋白质印迹在 mRNA 和蛋白质水平评估巨噬细胞极化标志物。
结果：两种运动训练计划，尤其是 HIIT，都逆转了血清生化参数（葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估和 hsCRP）、M1 极化标志物（循环 IL6、TNFα 和 IL6 的脂肪组织 mRNA 表达）的增加、TNFα 和 iNOS）、M2 标志物（CD206、CD163 和 IL10 表达），以及在 HFD 诱导的糖尿病中的 pIκKB、pNFκB 和 NICD 表达。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，尽管投入的时间更少，但 HIIT 锻炼是一种更有效的糖尿病管理干预措施。此外，HIIT 通过靶向 NFκB 和 NOTCH 信号通路来逆转 HFD 诱导的巨噬细胞极化。

关键词：肥胖，糖尿病，巨噬细胞极化，高强度间歇训练，持续耐力训练