Purpose: To compare three fractions of a medicinal mushroom blend (MMB), MyCommunity, on immune-activation, inflammation-regulation, and induction of biomarkers involved in regenerative functions.
Methods: A seventeen-species MMB was sequentially extracted: first, saline solution at ambient temperature, followed by re-extraction of the solids in ethanol, and finally resuspension of the homogenized ethanol-insoluble solids in cell-culture media. Fractions were tested on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three healthy donors. Immunostaining, flow-cytometry, and Luminex protein-arrays measured immune-cell activation and cytokine response. Dose-responses for induction of the CD69 early activation marker and individual cytokine and growth-factor responses for each donor were evaluated. The CD69 and the combined cytokine and growth-factor results were subjected to Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and multivariate ordination to aid interpretation of the aggregate immune response and pairwise permutational MANOVA on a distance-matrix to evaluate statistical differences between treatments on pooled data from all donors.
Results: Differential effects were induced by water-soluble, ethanol-soluble, and insoluble immunomodulatory compounds of the MMB. The aqueous and ethanol fractions upregulated expression of CD69 on all tested cell types. Monocyte-activation was correlated with the ethanol fraction, while NKT and non-NK non-T cell-activation was more closely correlated with the aqueous fraction. The solid fraction was the most potent inducer of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, as well as the anti-viral cytokines interferon-γ, MCP-1 (CCL-2), MIP-1α (CCL-3), and MIP-1β (CCL-4), and induced G-CSF and b-FGF—growth-factors involved in regenerative functions—and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra.
Conclusion: The aqueous, ethanol, and insoluble compounds within MMB induced differential immune-activating, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects. This in vitro data suggests that, upon consumption, MMB may induce a concerted series of immunomodulatory events based on the differential solubility and bioavailability of the active constituents. These differential responses support both immune-activation and resolution of the host defense-induced inflammatory reactions, thus assisting a post-response return to homeostasis.

Keywords: CD69, cytokines, growth factors, anti-viral peptides, medicinal mushrooms, mycelium, immune support, redundancy analysis, rda, multivariate ordination


中文翻译：

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药用蘑菇混合物的水、乙醇和固体部分的差异免疫激活、抗炎和再生特性

目的：比较三种药用蘑菇混合物 (MMB) MyCommunity 的免疫激活、炎症调节和与再生功能相关的生物标志物的诱导。
方法：依次提取 17 种 MMB：首先，在环境温度下的盐水溶液，然后在乙醇中重新提取固体，最后将均质的乙醇不溶性固体重新悬浮在细胞培养基中。对来自三名健康供体的外周血单核细胞进行了组分测试。免疫染色、流式细胞术和 Luminex 蛋白阵列测量了免疫细胞活化和细胞因子反应。评估了诱导 CD69 早期激活标志物的剂量反应以及每个供体的个体细胞因子和生长因子反应。
结果： MMB 的水溶性、乙醇溶性和不溶性免疫调节化合物可诱导不同的作用。水和乙醇部分上调了所有测试细胞类型上 CD69 的表达。单核细胞活化与乙醇部分相关，而 NKT 和非 NK 非 T 细胞活化与水部分更密切相关。固体部分是肿瘤坏死因子-α以及抗病毒细胞因子干扰素-γ、MCP-1（CCL-2）、MIP-1α（CCL-3）和MIP-1β最有效的诱导剂。 CCL-4)，并诱导 G-CSF 和 b-FGF（参与再生功能的生长因子）和抗炎细胞因子 IL-1ra。
结论：MMB 中的水、乙醇和不溶性化合物诱导不同的免疫激活、抗炎和再生作用。该体外数据表明，在食用后，MMB 可能会根据活性成分的不同溶解度和生物利用度诱导一系列协调一致的免疫调节事件。这些不同的反应支持免疫激活和宿主防御诱导的炎症反应的消退，从而有助于反应后恢复到稳态。

关键词： CD69，细胞因子，生长因子，抗病毒肽，药用蘑菇，菌丝体，免疫支持，冗余分析，rda，多变量排序