In this article, we provide a detailed survey of 3D Morphable Face Models over the 20 years since they were first proposed. The challenges in building and applying these models, namely, capture, modeling, image formation, and image analysis, are still active research topics, and we review the state-of-the-art in each of these areas. We also look ahead, identifying unsolved challenges, proposing directions for future research, and highlighting the broad range of current and future applications.

中文翻译：

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3D 可变形人脸模型——过去、现在和未来

在本文中，我们对 3D 可变形人脸模型自首次提出以来的 20 年进行了详细调查。构建和应用这些模型的挑战，即捕获、建模、图像形成和图像分析，仍然是活跃的研究课题，我们回顾了每个领域的最新技术。我们还展望未来，确定未解决的挑战，提出未来研究的方向，并强调当前和未来的广泛应用。