Many applications in emerging scenarios, such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent robots, and industrial automation, are safety-critical with strict timing requirements. However, the development of real-time systems is error prone and highly dependent on sophisticated domain expertise, making it a costly process. This article utilises the principles of model-driven engineering (MDE) and proposes two methodologies to automate the development of real-time Java applications. The first one automatically converts standard time-sharing Java applications to real-time Java applications, using a series of transformations. It is in line with the observed industrial trend, such as for the big data technology, of redeveloping existing software without the real-time notion to realise the real-time features. The second one allows users to automatically generate real-time Java application templates with a lightweight modelling language, which can be used to define the real-time properties—essentially a synthesis process. This article opens up a new research direction on development automation of real-time programming languages and inspires many research questions that can be jointly investigated by the embedded systems, programming languages as well as MDE communities.

中文翻译：

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实时Java的开发自动化

新兴场景中的许多应用，例如自动驾驶汽车、智能机器人和工业自动化，都对安全性至关重要，具有严格的时序要求。然而，实时系统的开发容易出错，并且高度依赖于复杂的领域专业知识，这使其成为一个成本高昂的过程。本文利用模型驱动工程 (MDE) 的原理，并提出了两种方法来自动化实时 Java 应用程序的开发。第一个使用一系列转换自动将标准的分时 Java 应用程序转换为实时 Java 应用程序。这符合观察到的工业趋势，例如对于大数据技术，在没有实时概念的情况下重新开发现有软件以实现实时特性。第二个允许用户使用轻量级建模语言自动生成实时 Java 应用程序模板，该模板可用于定义实时属性——本质上是一个综合过程。本文为实时编程语言的开发自动化开辟了一个新的研究方向，并启发了许多嵌入式系统、编程语言以及 MDE 社区可以共同研究的研究问题。