System-level Dynamic Binary Translation (DBT) provides the capability to boot an Operating System (OS) and execute programs compiled for an Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) different from that of the host machine. Due to their performance-critical nature, system-level DBT frameworks are typically hand-coded and heavily optimized, both for their guest and host architectures. While this results in good performance of the DBT system, engineering costs for supporting a new architecture or extending an existing architecture are high. In this article, we develop a novel, retargetable DBT hypervisor, which includes guest-specific modules generated from high-level guest machine specifications. Our system simplifies retargeting of the DBT, but it also delivers performance levels in excess of existing manually created DBT solutions. We achieve this by combining offline and online optimizations and exploiting the freedom of a Just-in-time (JIT) compiler operating in a bare-metal environment provided by a Virtual Machine (VM) hypervisor. We evaluate our DBT using both targeted micro-benchmarks as well as standard application benchmarks, and we demonstrate its ability to outperform the de facto standard Q EMU DBT system. Our system delivers an average speedup of 2.21× over Q EMU across SPEC CPU2006 integer benchmarks running in a full-system Linux OS environment, compiled for the 64-bit ARMv8-A ISA and hosted on an x86-64 platform. For floating-point applications the speedup is even higher, reaching 6.49× on average. We demonstrate that our system-level DBT system significantly reduces the effort required to support a new ISA while delivering outstanding performance.

中文翻译：

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一个可重定向的系统级 DBT 管理程序

系统级动态二进制转换 (DBT) 提供了引导操作系统 (OS) 和执行为不同于主机的指令集架构 (ISA) 编译的程序的能力。由于其对性能至关重要的性质，系统级 DBT 框架通常是手动编码并针对其客户和主机架构进行大量优化的。虽然这会导致 DBT 系统具有良好的性能，但支持新架构或扩展现有架构的工程成本很高。在本文中，我们开发了一种新颖的、可重定向的 DBT 管理程序，其中包括从高级客户机规范生成的特定于客户机的模块。我们的系统简化了 DBT 的重新定位，但它还提供了超过现有手动创建的 DBT 解决方案的性能水平。我们通过结合离线和在线优化并利用在虚拟机 (VM) 管理程序提供的裸机环境中运行的即时 (JIT) 编译器的自由度来实现这一目标。我们使用有针对性的微基准和标准应用程序基准来评估我们的 DBT，并且我们展示了它超越事实上的标准 Q 的能力鸸DBT系统。我们的系统在 Q 上提供了 2.21 倍的平均加速鸸在全系统 Linux 操作系统环境中运行的 SPEC CPU2006 整数基准测试中，为 64 位 ARMv8-A ISA 编译并托管在 x86-64 平台上。对于浮点应用程序，加速甚至更高，平均达到 6.49 倍。我们证明，我们的系统级 DBT 系统显着减少了支持新 ISA 所需的工作量，同时提供出色的性能。