Between 1890 and 1895, five women “computers” were hired to work at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, one of the world’s leading observatories at the time. Caroline Herschel notwithstanding, these women were the very first in Britain to be paid for astronomical observation. They were hired as supernumerary computers – normally a temporary position reserved for young schoolboys. Instead of adhering to the usual strict regimen of astronomical calculations, the women at Greenwich functioned much more as astronomers. They observed with telescopes, engaged in original research, and even published their findings. This paper examines how exactly this occurred at a time when women remained excluded from professional observation elsewhere. It engages original archival research in combination with the Greenwich published literature to shed light on a little-known story that reveals how women in Britain first came to be paid as professional astronomers.

中文翻译：

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临时措施：皇家天文台的女性计算机，格林威治，1890–1895

1890 年至 1895 年间，当时世界领先的天文台之一格林威治皇家天文台聘请了五名女性“计算机”工作。尽管卡罗琳·赫歇尔 (Caroline Herschel) 如此，这些女性还是英国第一批因天文观测而获得报酬的女性。他们被聘为编外计算机——通常是为年轻男生保留的临时职位。格林威治的女性并没有遵守通常严格的天文计算方案，而是更像天文学家。他们用望远镜观察，从事原创研究，甚至发表了他们的发现。本文研究了在女性被排除在其他地方的专业观察之外的时候，这究竟是如何发生的。