As the thickness of a composite differs significantly from the size of a representative volume element, composite is studied at both micro- and macroscales. In this study, the synergy between the prescribed displacement boundary and massively parallel computing enables end users to model a composite described in the micro-meter scale and take into account the global influence of the forming process. After validating the software and material models, the residual stresses of a sandwich thermoplastic composite caused by the dynamic thermomechanical forming process were simulated. The results of the macro-micro simulation revealed that the micro structure of a composite consisting of continuous carbon fiber and thermoplastic that have significantly different material properties has a weak impact on temperature distribution throughout the thickness, but exerts a significant influence on the distribution of in-plane stresses. The stresses within a representative volume element at the top and bottom surfaces of the composite layer were further studied to explain the effect of the temperature gradient on the simulated stresses along with the axial and transverse directions of the fiber. The results of this study provide a practical method to reveal actual residual stresses feasibly and efficiently.

中文翻译：

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使用宏观-微观模拟研究复合成形引起的残余应力

由于复合材料的厚度与代表性体积元素的尺寸显着不同，因此在微观和宏观尺度上研究了复合材料。在这项研究中，指定位移边界和大规模并行计算之间的协同作用使最终用户能够对以微米尺度描述的复合材料进行建模，并考虑到成形过程的全局影响。在验证软件和材料模型后，模拟了由动态热机械成型过程引起的夹层热塑性复合材料的残余应力。宏观-微观模拟结果表明，由连续碳纤维和热塑性塑料组成的复合材料的微观结构对整个厚度的温度分布影响很小，但对面内应力的分布有显着影响。进一步研究了复合层顶面和底面的代表性体积单元内的应力，以解释温度梯度对模拟应力以及纤维轴向和横向方向的影响。这项研究的结果提供了一种实用的方法来切实有效地揭示实际残余应力。