The appearance of functionally graded piezoelectric materials has solved the lamination problem of the conventional piezoelectric structures. Functionally graded piezoelectric materials are the new materials with unexplored capabilities. This article theoretically investigates the effects of non-uniformity on the performance of the functionally graded piezoelectric material cantilever beams subjected to harmonic excitation. The governing equations are derived based on Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beam theories. The finite element method with the application of superconvergent element is employed here for the discretization and the vibration analysis of the system. This model is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results of piezoelectric energy harvesters of conventional shapes available in the open literature. Parametric studies are carried out with respect to the effects of tapering ratios, the degree of non-uniformity, load resistance, and the volume fraction parameter on the electrical output power and the fundamental resonance frequency. It was observed that the application of diverging beams noticeably enhances the power output per mass of piezoelectric element extracted while decreases the natural frequency which is advantageous for scavenging energy from ambient surroundings. The results reveal that there is an optimal value for the non-homogeneous parameter leading to the maximized harvested energy under different operating conditions.

中文翻译：

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非均匀功能梯度压电能量收集器梁的性能

功能梯度压电材料的出现，解决了传统压电结构的叠层问题。功能梯度压电材料是具有未开发能力的新材料。本文从理论上研究了非均匀性对功能梯度压电材料悬臂梁在谐波激励下的性能的影响。控制方程是基于 Timoshenko 和 Euler-Bernoulli 梁理论推导出来的。本文采用有限元方法，应用超收敛元对系统进行离散化和振动分析。该模型通过将数值结果与公开文献中可用的常规形状的压电能量收集器的实验结果进行比较来验证。针对锥度比、不均匀度、负载电阻和体积分数参数对电输出功率和基本谐振频率的影响进行参数研究。据观察，发散光束的应用显着提高了提取的每质量压电元件的功率输出，同时降低了有利于从周围环境中清除能量的固有频率。结果表明，在不同的操作条件下，非均质参数存在一个最佳值，导致收获的能量最大化。以及电输出功率和基本谐振频率的体积分数参数。据观察，发散光束的应用显着提高了提取的每质量压电元件的功率输出，同时降低了有利于从周围环境中清除能量的固有频率。结果表明，在不同的操作条件下，非均质参数存在一个最佳值，导致收获的能量最大化。以及电输出功率和基本谐振频率的体积分数参数。据观察，发散光束的应用显着提高了提取的每质量压电元件的功率输出，同时降低了有利于从周围环境中清除能量的固有频率。结果表明，在不同的操作条件下，非均质参数存在一个最佳值，导致收获的能量最大化。