Short-term fasting (STF) is a technique to reduce nutrient intake for a specific period. Since metabolism plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, it can be hypothesized that STF can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of STF in cell and animal tumor models. However, large-scale clinical trials must be conducted to verify the safety and effectiveness of these diets. In this review, we re-examine the concept of how metabolism affects pathophysiological pathways. Next, we provided a comprehensive discussion of the specific mechanisms of STF on tumor progression, derived through studies carried out with tumor models. There are currently at least four active clinical trials on fasting and cancer treatment. Based on these studies, we highlight the potential caveats of fasting in clinical applications, including the onset of metabolic syndrome and other metabolic complications during chemotherapy, with a particular focus on the regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal pathway and cancer heterogeneity. We further discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the current state-of-art tumor models for assessing the impact of STF on cancer treatment. Finally, we explored upcoming fasting strategies that could complement existing chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategies to enable personalized medicine. Overall, these studies have the potential for breakthroughs in cancer management.

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禁食以增强模型中的癌症治疗：下一步

短期禁食（STF）是一种在特定时期内减少营养摄入的技术。由于新陈代谢在肿瘤进展中起着关键作用，因此可以假设STF可以改善化疗的疗效。最近的研究证明了STF在细胞和动物肿瘤模型中的功效。但是，必须进行大规模的临床试验以验证这些饮食的安全性和有效性。在这篇综述中，我们重新审视了新陈代谢如何影响病理生理途径的概念。接下来，我们通过对肿瘤模型的研究得出了STF对肿瘤进展的具体机制的全面讨论。目前至少有四项关于禁食和癌症治疗的有效临床试验。根据这些研究，我们强调了禁食在临床应用中的潜在警告，包括代谢综合征的发作和化疗期间的其他代谢并发症，尤其着重于上皮到间充质途径的调节和癌症的异质性。我们进一步讨论了当前最先进的肿瘤模型用于评估STF对癌症治疗的影响的优缺点。最后，我们探讨了即将到来的禁食策略，这些策略可以补充现有的化学疗法和免疫疗法策略，以实现个性化医学。总体而言，这些研究具有在癌症管理方面取得突破的潜力。我们进一步讨论了当前最先进的肿瘤模型用于评估STF对癌症治疗的影响的优缺点。最后，我们探讨了即将到来的禁食策略，这些策略可以补充现有的化学疗法和免疫疗法策略，以实现个性化医学。总体而言，这些研究有可能在癌症管理方面取得突破。我们进一步讨论了当前最先进的肿瘤模型用于评估STF对癌症治疗的影响的优缺点。最后，我们探讨了即将到来的禁食策略，这些策略可以补充现有的化学疗法和免疫疗法策略，以实现个性化医学。总体而言，这些研究具有在癌症管理方面取得突破的潜力。