Abstract Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff), the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), is an ambrosia beetle infesting avocado Persea americana Mill. limbs in North America and Israel. We conducted field experiments with sticky traps in avocado orchards to develop push–pull semiochemical methods of managing PSHB. Traps baited with 10-fold increasing doses (0.01 to 100× or 1.26 µg to 12.6 mg/d) of attractant quercivorol were previously shown to increasingly capture female PSHB (males flightless). We converted trap catch of this relationship to a standardized effective attraction radius (EAR) that predicts capture power of baited-traps regardless of insect flight density. Earlier, piperitone and verbenone were shown to strongly inhibit attraction of PSHB to quercivorol-traps. We tested increasing numbers of 1× piperitone dispensers at 0.75-m distance surrounding a quercivorol-trap and found PSHB catch to decline exponentially. Increasing decadic doses (0.01 to 10×) of either verbenone or piperitone released at 1× quercivorol-traps caused a sigmoidal first-order kinetic-decay in catch. Verbenone (1×) placed at increasing distances (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 m) from a 1× quercivorol-trap became increasingly ineffective in reducing catch of PSHB. We found no evidence that ethanol released from 7.5 to 480 mg/d affected attraction of PSHB, but Scobicia chevrieri (Villa and Villa) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) was increasingly attracted. Due to their relatively short-range (<0.5 m) inhibition of attractive sources, piperitone, and verbenone dispensers should be placed on avocado trunks where PSHB aggregations occur before the flight season.

中文翻译：

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影响 Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus（鞘翅目： Curculionidae：Scolytinae）对 Quercivorol 的吸引力的化学信息素：开发推拉控制

摘要 Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) 是一种多食性炮眼蛀虫(PSHB)，是一种侵染鳄梨Persea americana Mill 的豚草甲虫。北美和以色列的四肢。我们在鳄梨果园中使用粘性陷阱进行了田间试验，以开发管理 PSHB 的推拉式信息化学方法。先前已证明用 10 倍增加剂量（0.01 至 100 倍或 1.26 µg 至 12.6 毫克/天）的引诱剂槲皮素诱饵的陷阱越来越多地捕获雌性 PSHB（雄性不会飞）。我们将这种关系的陷阱捕获量转换为标准化的有效吸引半径 (EAR)，该半径可预测诱饵陷阱的捕获能力，而不管昆虫飞行密度如何。早些时候，胡椒酮和马鞭草酮被证明能强烈抑制 PSHB 对槲皮素陷阱的吸引力。我们在 0 时测试了越来越多的 1× 胡椒酮分配器。75 米距离周围一个槲皮醇陷阱，发现 PSHB 捕获量呈指数下降。增加以 1 倍槲皮醇陷阱释放的马鞭草酮或胡椒酮的十倍剂量（0.01 至 10 倍）导致渔获量出现 S 型一级动力学衰减。将马鞭草酮 (1x) 放置在距 1x 槲皮醇陷阱越来越远的距离（0、0.25、0.5、1 和 2 m）处，在减少 PSHB 捕获量方面变得越来越无效。我们没有发现证据表明从 7.5 到 480 mg/d 释放的乙醇影响 PSHB 的吸引力，但 Scobicia chevrieri (Villa and Villa) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) 越来越受到吸引。由于它们对有吸引力的来源的相对短程 (<0.5 m) 抑制，胡椒酮和马鞭草分配器应放置在鳄梨树干上，其中 PSHB 聚集发生在飞行季节之前。