Streaming ice accounts for a major fraction of global ice flux, yet we cannot yet fully explain the dominant controls on its kinematics. In this contribution, we use an anisotropic full-Stokes thermomechanical flow solver to characterize how mechanical anisotropy and temperature distribution affect ice flux. For the ice stream and glacier geometries we explored, we found that the ice flux increases 1–3% per °C temperature increase in the margin. Glaciers and ice streams with crystallographic fabric oriented approximately normal to the shear plane increase by comparable amounts: an otherwise isotropic ice stream containing a concentrated transverse single maximum fabric in the margin flows 15% faster than the reference case. Fabric and temperature variations independently impact ice flux, with slightly nonlinear interactions. We find that realistic variations in temperature and crystallographic fabric both affect ice flux to similar degrees, with the exact effect a function of the local fabric and temperature distributions. Given this sensitivity, direct field-based measurements and models incorporating additional factors, such as water content and temporal evolution, are essential for explaining and predicting streaming ice dynamics.

中文翻译：

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温度和晶体取向结构对山地冰川和冰流动力学的影响

流冰占全球冰通量的主要部分，但我们还不能完全解释对其运动学的主要控制。在此贡献中，我们使用各向异性全斯托克斯热机械流动求解器来描述机械各向异性和温度分布如何影响冰通量。对于我们探索的冰流和冰川几何形状，我们发现边缘温度每升高 1°C，冰通量就会增加 1-3%。晶体结构大致垂直于剪切面的冰川和冰流增加了相当数量：在边缘包含集中横向单一最大结构的其他各向同性冰流比参考情况快 15%。织物和温度变化独立地影响冰通量，具有轻微的非线性相互作用。我们发现温度和晶体结构的实际变化都会以相似的程度影响冰通量，确切的影响是局部结构和温度分布的函数。鉴于这种敏感性，直接基于现场的测量和结合其他因素的模型，如含水量和时间演化，对于解释和预测流冰动力学至关重要。