ABSTRACT The essential oil from the aerial parts of Lobularia maritima was investigated for its chemical composition, and its repellent and insecticidal efficacy against the grain pests Callosobruchus maculatus, Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae. A number of 41 compounds were identified by GC-MS from which azeleonitrile (39.7%), trans-3-pentenenitrile (36.3%) and 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene (10.9%) were the most abundant. A fumigant bioassay-guided fractionation of the essential oil constituents led to the isolation of trans-3-pentenenitrile. Its structure was confirmed by EI-MS and NMR techniques. Fumigant effect of the essential oil was strong (LC50 = 7.48 μL/L) on C. maculatum and moderate on S. oryzae and T. castaneum (LC50 = 35.37 and 59.94 μL/L, respectively). trans-3-pentenenitrile showed strong fumigant effect on the three pest species (LC50 = 6.62–8.36 μL/L). Both the oil and trans-3-pentenenitrile showed strong contact effect with LD50 values in the range 4.84–7.81 µg/adult. The oil showed a repellency of 100% on C. maculatus and S. oryzae at concentrations higher than 0.05 and 0.1 nL/cm2, respectively, and 93% against T. castaneum yet at 0.2 nL/cm2. trans-3-pentenenitrile also showed 100% repellency against C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm2), S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm2) and T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm2). The results in this study indicated that the essential oil of L. maritima is an important source of trans-3-pentenenitrile which can be used in the development of insecticidal agents against the three grain pests.

中文翻译：

---

海银花精油和反式3-戊烯腈对贮粮害虫的杀虫驱避作用

摘要 研究了 Lobularia maritima 地上部分的精油的化学成分，及其对谷物害虫 Callosobruchus maculatus、Tribolium castaneum 和 Sitophilus oryzae 的驱避和杀虫功效。GC-MS 鉴定出 41 种化合物，其中氮杂环腈 (39.7%)、反式-3-戊烯腈 (36.3%) 和 4-异硫氰酸根合-1-丁烯 (10.9%) 含量最高。熏蒸生物测定引导的精油成分分馏导致反式 3-戊烯腈的分离。其结构经EI-MS和NMR技术证实。精油的熏蒸作用对 C. maculatum 很强（LC50 = 7.48 μL/L），对 S. oryzae 和 T. castaneum 的熏蒸作用中等（LC50 = 35.37 和 59.94 μL/L，分别）。trans-3-pentenenitrile 对三种害虫有很强的熏蒸作用（LC50 = 6.62–8.36 μL/L）。油和反式 3-戊烯腈均表现出强烈的接触效应，LD50 值范围为 4.84–7.81 µg/成人。该油在浓度分别高于 0.05 和 0.1 nL/cm2 时对 C. maculatus 和 S. oryzae 显示出 100% 的排斥性，而在 0.2 nL/cm2 时对 T. castaneum 显示出 93% 的排斥性。trans-3-pentenenitrile 还显示出 100% 对 C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm2)、S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm2) 和 T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm2) 的排斥性。本研究结果表明，海藻精油是反式3-戊烯腈的重要来源，可用于开发抗三种粮食害虫的杀虫剂。油和反式 3-戊烯腈均表现出强烈的接触效应，LD50 值范围为 4.84–7.81 µg/成人。该油在浓度分别高于 0.05 和 0.1 nL/cm2 时对 C. maculatus 和 S. oryzae 显示出 100% 的排斥性，而在 0.2 nL/cm2 时对 T. castaneum 显示出 93% 的排斥性。反式 3-戊烯腈还显示出 100% 对 C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm2)、S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm2) 和 T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm2) 的排斥性。本研究结果表明，海藻精油是反式3-戊烯腈的重要来源，可用于开发抗三种粮食害虫的杀虫剂。油和反式 3-戊烯腈均表现出强烈的接触效应，LD50 值范围为 4.84–7.81 µg/成人。该油在浓度分别高于 0.05 和 0.1 nL/cm2 时对 C. maculatus 和 S. oryzae 显示出 100% 的排斥性，而在 0.2 nL/cm2 时对 T. castaneum 显示出 93% 的排斥性。trans-3-pentenenitrile 还显示出 100% 对 C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm2)、S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm2) 和 T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm2) 的排斥性。本研究结果表明，海藻精油是反式3-戊烯腈的重要来源，可用于开发抗三种粮食害虫的杀虫剂。尚未达到 0.2 nL/cm2。trans-3-pentenenitrile 还显示出 100% 对 C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm2)、S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm2) 和 T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm2) 的排斥性。本研究结果表明，海藻精油是反式3-戊烯腈的重要来源，可用于开发抗三种粮食害虫的杀虫剂。尚未达到 0.2 nL/cm2。trans-3-pentenenitrile 还显示出 100% 对 C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm2)、S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm2) 和 T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm2) 的排斥性。本研究结果表明，海藻精油是反式3-戊烯腈的重要来源，可用于开发抗三种粮食害虫的杀虫剂。