While phytoplankton play a key role in ocean biogeochemical cycles, the availability and supply pathways of resources that support their growth remain poorly constrained. Here, we show that the availability of various resources varies over several orders of magnitude throughout the Atlantic Ocean, causing regional contrasts in resource deficiency. Regional variations in the relative availability of nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon, iron, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cadmium are important and result from the contrasts between winter mixing depths and differences in vertical profiles of the different resources. The winter‐time thickening of the mixed layer may replenish or deplete resources via entrainment, depending on the vertical nutrient profile. For nutrients like nitrate, phosphate, and cadmium, entrainment is a consistent source term. While for others, such as manganese and iron, entrainment can reduce ocean resource availability, particularly in subtropical regions. Any future change to the depth of winter‐time mixing will cause region‐specific changes in relative availability of different resources that may have important ecological consequences.

中文翻译：

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氮素线和冬季混合层深度之间的偏移量驱动着资源的可用性和夹带

尽管浮游植物在海洋生物地球化学循环中起着关键作用，但支持其生长的资源的可获得性和供应途径仍然受到制约。在这里，我们表明，整个大西洋的各种资源的可用性都在几个数量级上变化，从而造成资源短缺的地区差异。氮，磷，硅，铁，锌，锰，钴和镉的相对可利用性的区域差异非常重要，这是由于冬季混合深度与不同资源的垂直剖面差异之间的对比所致。混合层的冬季增厚可能通过夹带来补充或耗尽资源，具体取决于垂直养分状况。对于硝酸盐，磷酸盐和镉等营养物质，夹带是一个一致的来源术语。对于锰和铁等其他金属而言，夹带会减少海洋资源的可利用性，特别是在亚热带地区。冬季混合深度的任何未来变化都将导致不同资源相对可用性的特定区域变化，这可能会产生重要的生态后果。