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Convergent evolution of niche structure in Northeast Pacific kelp forests
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-28 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13621 Samuel Starko 1, 2, 3 , Kyle W. Demes 4 , Christopher J. Neufeld 3 , Patrick T. Martone 1, 3
中文翻译：
东北太平洋海带森林生态位结构的趋同演化
更新日期：2020-06-28
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-28 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13621 Samuel Starko 1, 2, 3 , Kyle W. Demes 4 , Christopher J. Neufeld 3 , Patrick T. Martone 1, 3
Affiliation
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- Much of the morphological and ecological diversity present on earth is believed to have arisen through the process of adaptive radiation. Yet, this is seemingly at odds with substantial evidence that niches tend to be similar among closely related species (i.e. niche conservatism). Identifying the relative importance of these opposing processes in driving niche evolution under different circumstances is therefore essential to our understanding of the interaction between ecological and evolutionary phenomena.
- In this study, we make use of recent advances in our understanding of the phylogeny of kelps (Laminariales) to investigate niche evolution in one of the most ecologically significant groups of benthic habitat‐forming organisms on the planet. We quantify functional traits and use community sampling data from a kelp diversity hotspot to determine which traits are responsible for the habitat (β) niche of kelps and whether they are labile or conserved across the kelp phylogeny.
- We find that combinations of functional traits have evolved convergently across kelp subclades and that these functional traits are significant predictors of community structure. Specifically, traits associated with whole‐kelp structural reinforcement and material properties were found to be significantly correlated with species distributions along a gradient of wave disturbance and thus predict the outcome of environmental filtering. However, kelp assemblages were made up of species that are more phylogenetically distinct than expected (i.e. phylogenetic overdispersion), suggesting that niche partitioning along this gradient of wave disturbance has been an important driver of divergence between close relatives.
- These results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental filtering associated with wave disturbance plays an essential role in determining the habitat niche of kelps across local communities and further suggest that this process can drive phenotypic divergence and niche partitioning between close relatives. We propose that parallel adaptive radiation of kelp subclades has shaped the diversity and species composition of kelp forests in the Northeast Pacific and we discuss how evidence from the literature on incipient or ongoing speciation events supports this hypothesis.
中文翻译：
东北太平洋海带森林生态位结构的趋同演化
- 据信地球上存在的许多形态和生态多样性是通过适应性辐射过程产生的。然而，这似乎与大量证据表明，在密切相关的物种中利基趋于相似（即利基保守主义）似乎不一致。因此，确定这些相反过程在不同环境下驱动生态位进化的相对重要性对于我们理解生态与进化现象之间的相互作用至关重要。
- 在这项研究中，我们利用对海带（Laminariales）系统发育的最新研究进展，研究了地球上最具有生态学意义的底栖生境生物群之一的生态位演化。我们对功能性状进行量化，并使用来自海带多样性热点的社区抽样数据来确定哪些性状对海带的生境（β）生态位负责，以及它们在整个海带系统发育中是否不稳定或保守。
- 我们发现功能特征的组合已在海带子区域中逐渐演变，并且这些功能特征是群落结构的重要预测因子。具体而言，发现与整个海藻结构增强和材料特性相关的性状与沿波扰动梯度的物种分布显着相关，因此可以预测环境过滤的结果。然而，海带组合由在系统发育上比预期更不相同的物种组成（即系统发生过度分散），这表明沿波扰动梯度的生态位分配一直是近亲之间分歧的重要驱动力。
- 这些结果与以下假设相一致：与波浪干扰相关的环境过滤在确定整个当地社区海带的生境生态位中起着至关重要的作用，并且进一步表明，这一过程可以驱动近亲之间的表型分化和生态位分配。我们提出，海带群落的并行适应性辐射已影响了东北太平洋海带森林的多样性和物种组成，并且我们讨论了有关初期或正在进行的物种形成事件的文献证据如何支持这一假设。
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