In order to realize accurate prediction of the weld forming quality during hot-wire laser welding, in this study, a basic multivariate linear regression model regarding multiple process parameters and the weld forming quality is first established. And a residual analysis is then used to analyze the linear regression model. The results of the residual analysis illustrate that the influences of the hot-wire current, welding speed, and wire feeding rate on the weld forming quality are nonlinear, whereas the influences of the laser power and gap width on the weld forming quality are linear. In addition, the significance of the interactions among multiple process parameters on the weld forming quality is also obtained. Based on the results of the residual analysis, the linear regression model is modified in a targeted manner by adding the quadratic and interaction terms of the corresponding process parameters to establish a multivariate nonlinear regression model of the process parameters and the weld forming quality. Through comparing the goodness-of-fit, standard error, and standardized residual of the improved nonlinear regression model with the linear regression model and verifying the improved nonlinear regression model by verification experiment, it can be concluded that the improved nonlinear regression model has a better fitting precision and prediction precision. The results of the verification experiment indicate that the improved nonlinear regression model can correctly describe the relationship between the process parameters and the weld forming quality and can realize an accurate prediction of the weld forming quality.

为了实现对热丝激光焊接过程中焊缝成形质量的准确预测，本研究首先建立了涉及多个工艺参数和焊缝成形质量的基本多元线性回归模型。然后使用残差分析来分析线性回归模型。残差分析的结果表明，热线电流，焊接速度和送丝速率对焊缝成形质量的影响是非线性的，而激光功率和间隙宽度对焊缝成形质量的影响是线性的。此外，还获得了多个工艺参数之间的相互作用对焊接成形质量的重要性。根据残差分析的结果，通过添加相应工艺参数的二次项和交互项来有针对性地修改线性回归模型，以建立工艺参数和焊缝成形质量的多元非线性回归模型。通过将改进后的非线性回归模型与线性回归模型的拟合优度，标准误差和标准化残差进行比较，并通过验证实验对改进后的非线性回归模型进行验证，可以得出结论：改进后的非线性回归模型具有较好的拟合度，标准误差和标准化残差。拟合精度和预测精度。