Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a hot topic in the development of cell therapies and bioengineering. All kinds of MSCs are genomic stable and have the self-renewal ability. Main sources of MSCs are bone marrow, adipose tissues, umbilical cord and placental tissues. MSCs can be cultured in many undifferentiated passages to grow into more specialized cells, produce secretory factors and also support trophic functions in the body. Exosomes, derived from MSCs also have great potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Exosomes are secreted by MSCs and have the same therapeutic potential as their parent cells. MSCs and their exosomes combined with biomaterials can also be more effective in promoting the regeneration of tissues and organs. However, for use of MSCs-exosomes as a clinical agent different MSCs-exosomes have been manufactured and their therapeutics effects demonstrated in clinical studies. But there are still many characteristics which are unknown and many barriers still need to be conquered. In this review, we not only highlighted the characteristics of human MSCs and their exosomes, but also provided their latest therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.

人间充质干细胞（MSCs）已成为细胞疗法和生物工程学发展中的热门话题。各种MSC具有稳定的基因组和自我更新能力。MSC的主要来源是骨髓，脂肪组织，脐带和胎盘组织。MSC可以在许多未分化的传代中​​进行培养，以生长成更专门的细胞，产生分泌因子，还支持体内的营养功能。来源于MSC的外来体在再生医学和组织工程中也具有巨大潜力。外泌体由MSC分泌，具有与其母细胞相同的治疗潜力。MSC及其外泌体与生物材料的结合也可以更有效地促进组织和器官的再生。然而，为了将MSCs-外泌体用作临床药物，已经制造了不同的MSCs-外泌体，并且它们的治疗作用在临床研究中得到了证明。但是，仍有许多未知的特征，仍然需要克服许多障碍。在这篇综述中，我们不仅强调了人类间充质干细胞及其外泌体的特征，而且还提供了它们在再生医学中的最新治疗策略。