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Fate of bisphenol S (BPS) and characterization of non-extractable residues in soil: Insights into persistence of BPS
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105908
Siqi Cao 1 , Songfeng Wang 2 , Yingying Zhao 1 , Lianhong Wang 1 , Yini Ma 1 , Andreas Schäffer 3 , Rong Ji 1
Affiliation  

The environmental fate and persistence of bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), are unclear. This study used C-labeled BPS to examine the fate, biodegradation, and residue properties of BPS incubated in an oxic soil for 28 days. BPS dissipated quickly, with a half-life of 2.8 days. Most of the BPS was mineralized (53.6 ± 0.2% of initial amount by day 28) or transformed into non-extractable residues (NERs) (45.1 ± 0.3%), with generation of minor extractable residues (3.7 ± 0.2%) containing two metabolites. NERs were formed mainly via physico-chemical entrapment (51.1 ± 2.4% of the total NERs, consisting almost exclusively of BPS) and ester-linkages (31.5 ± 3.0% of the total NERs, consisting of both BPS and polar metabolites). When mixed with fresh soil, BPS-derived NERs became unstable and bioavailable. Subsequent mineralization was determined for 19.5 ± 1.1% of the total NERs and 35.5 ± 2.6% of the physico-chemically entrapped BPS. A fate model was used to describe the kinetics of NER formation, which indicated that microbial activity in soil could have strongly reduced the kinetic rate of the release of physico-chemically entrapped NERs into free form and therefore increased the stability of this type of NERs in soil. Our results provide unique insights into the fate of BPS in soil and suggest that while BPS is biodegradable, it includes the formation of large amounts of reversibly physico-chemically entrapped and covalently bound ester-linked NERs. The instability of these NERs should be considered in assessments on environmental persistence and risks of BPS. Our study also points out the environmental importance of NERs of agrochemicals.

中文翻译:

双酚 S (BPS) 的归宿和土壤中不可萃取残留物的表征:深入了解 BPS 的持久性

双酚 A (BPA) 替代品双酚 S (BPS) 的环境归宿和持久性尚不清楚。本研究使用 C 标记的 BPS 来检查 BPS 在含氧土壤中培养 28 天的命运、生物降解和残留特性。 BPS消散很快,半衰期为2.8天。大部分 BPS 被矿化(第 28 天为初始量的 53.6 ± 0.2%)或转化为不可萃取残留物 (NER) (45.1 ± 0.3%),并生成含有两种代谢物的少量可萃取残留物 (3.7 ± 0.2%) 。 NER 主要通过物理化学包埋(占 NER 总量的 51.1 ± 2.4%,几乎完全由 BPS 组成)和酯键(占 NER 总量的 31.5 ± 3.0%,由 BPS 和极性代谢物组成)形成。当与新鲜土壤混合时,BPS 衍生的 NER 变得不稳定且具有生物可利用性。随后的矿化确定为总 NER 的 19.5 ± 1.1% 和物理化学捕获的 BPS 的 35.5 ± 2.6%。使用命运模型来描述 NER 形成的动力学,这表明土壤中的微生物活动可以强烈降低物理化学捕获的 NER 释放为游离形式的动力学速率,从而提高此类 NER 在土壤中的稳定性。土壤。我们的研究结果为 BPS 在土壤中的命运提供了独特的见解,并表明虽然 BPS 是可生物降解的,但它包括形成大量可逆的物理化学捕获和共价结合的酯连接 NER。在评估 BPS 的环境持久性和风险时应考虑这些 NER 的不稳定性。我们的研究还指出了农用化学品 NER 的环境重要性。
更新日期:2020-06-29
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