A new snailfish, Careproctus shigemii, is described on the basis of three specimens collected in the southern Sea of Okhotsk, off Hokkaido, Japan. The new species has previously been confused with Careproctus zachirus Kido 1985, known from the Aleutian Islands, eastern Bering Sea, the Pacific Ocean off southeastern Kamchatka and the northern Kuril Islands, and the southern Sea of Okhotsk off Hokkaido, Japan, because of their similar appearance, including a noticeably elongate pectoral fin extending beyond the anal-fin origin, the gill slit entirely above the pectoral fin, no opercular flap projection, one suprabranchial pore, and trilobed teeth. However, C. shigemii is clearly differentiated from C. zachirus in having dorsal and anal fins margined with black (vs. white margined dorsal and anal fins with a black submarginal band), and a black caudal fin (vs. pale pink caudal fin), when fresh. Careproctus shigemii differs additionally from C. zachirus in having the cephalic pore pattern 2-6-6-1 (vs. 2-6-7-1), 30–35 pyloric caeca (vs. 20–31), and a shorter pectoral fin lower lobe, 8.2–9.9% SL (vs. longer lobe, 15.9–25.6% SL). A large sequence divergence between C. shigemii and C. zachirus (0.028 in uncorrected p-distance) in the DNA barcoding region (COI) also supports the validity of each species. A redescription of C. zachirus is also provided on the basis of the holotype, paratypes and non-type specimens.

中文翻译：

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鄂霍次克海的一种新种Careproctus（Cottoidei：Liparidae）和对黑鳍蜗牛Careproctus zachirus的重新描述

一种新的蜗牛鱼，Careproctus shigemii，根据在日本北海道附近鄂霍次克海南部收集的三个标本进行了描述。这个新物种以前曾与 1985 年的 Careproctus zachirus Kido 混淆，后者在阿留申群岛、白令海东部、堪察加东南部和千岛群岛北部的太平洋以及日本北海道的鄂霍次克南部海域已知，因为它们相似外观，包括一个明显细长的胸鳍延伸超出臀鳍起点，鳃裂完全在胸鳍上方，没有鳃盖瓣突出，一个鳃上孔和三叶齿。然而，C. shigemii 与 C. zachirus 的明显区别在于背鳍和臀鳍有黑色边缘（与白色边缘的背鳍和臀鳍有黑色边缘带），新鲜的黑色尾鳍（对比淡粉色尾鳍）。Careproctus shigemii 与 C. zachirus 的不同之处还在于具有 2-6-6-1 (vs. 2-6-7-1)、30-35 幽门盲囊 (vs. 20-31) 和较短的胸廓鳍下叶，8.2–9.9% SL（与较长的叶，15.9–25.6% SL）。C. shigemii 和 C. zachirus 在 DNA 条形码区域 (COI) 中的大序列差异（0.028 未校正 p 距离）也支持每个物种的有效性。还根据正模标本、副模标本和非标本标本对 C. zachirus 进行了重新描述。6% SL)。C. shigemii 和 C. zachirus 在 DNA 条形码区域 (COI) 中的大序列差异（0.028 未校正 p 距离）也支持每个物种的有效性。还根据正模标本、副模标本和非标本标本对 C. zachirus 进行了重新描述。6% SL)。C. shigemii 和 C. zachirus 在 DNA 条形码区域 (COI) 中的大序列差异（0.028 未校正 p 距离）也支持每个物种的有效性。还根据正模标本、副模标本和非标本标本对 C. zachirus 进行了重新描述。