Native plants growing on heavy-metal-contaminated sites are the potential candidates for phytoremediation of contaminated sites due to their tolerance and adaptation to toxic environment. For better application of the technology, in-depth knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these plant species are essential. In this study, anatomical changes in roots and leaves of various plant species growing on Pb-contaminated sites as well as osmolytes (proline, PR; glycine betaine, GB; and phenolics, PH) production and distribution in different plant parts were investigated. The soil and plant samples were collected in triplicates from two different Pb-contaminated sites, while control plants were collected from the University of Ibadan. The plants were washed and partitioned into different parts for anatomical and biochemical studies, and soil adhering to the roots of different plant species was collected for the determination of Pb contents. Sporobolus pyramidalis, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, Eleusine indica, Gomphrena celosioides, Rhinconspora corymbosa and Echinochloa colona are the plant species common to these contaminated sites. Though with variations based on the site, thick epidermis and sclerenchyma, pronounced and numerous vascular bundles as well as trichomes were some of the anatomical characteristics of these metallophytes from contaminated sites compared to their counterparts from uncontaminated site. These plants also produced PR, GB and PH, with PH being the highest followed by PR and GB. Accumulation in different parts of the plants also varied depending on the plant species and the osmolyte. They were more in the leaf than other plant parts. Among the plant species, Sporobolus pyramidalis had the highest value of proline (3.26 and 2.63 µg/g FW) and glycine betaine (3.44 and 2.23 µg/FW) in the leaf and stem, respectively, followed by Cynodon dactylon having 2.20 and 0.89 µg/g FW proline and 2.02 and 0.94 µg/g FW glycine betaine. On the Pb accumulation in plant, more lead (Pb) was found in the roots than other plant parts. Gomphrena celosioides accumulated the highest Pb (4537.50 and 1081.50 mg/kg) in the root and shoot, respectively, followed by Eleusine indica (3988 and 699.00 mg/kg), while the lowest values were recorded for Echinochloa colona (36.87 and 5.97 mg/kg). In rhizospheric soils, G. celosioides had the highest Pb content (34,405.00 mg/kg) which was higher than other rhizospheric soils. In conclusion, phenolics were produced more in these metallophytes and all the osmolytes were more in leaf than root. Anatomical modifications in response to heavy metal exposure differed between plant species and level of contamination. Lead accumulation in plant also varied depending on plant species.

生长在重金属污染位点上的本地植物因其耐受性和对有毒环境的适应能力而成为受污染位点植物修复的潜在候选者。为了更好地应用该技术，对这些植物物种的解剖学和生理学有深入的了解和理解是必不可少的。在这项研究中，研究了在受Pb污染的部位生长的各种植物的根和叶以及渗透压（脯氨酸，PR，甘氨酸甜菜碱，GB和酚类，PH）在不同植物部位产生和分布的解剖变化。从两个不同的受Pb污染的地点一式三份收集土壤和植物样品，而对照植物则从伊巴丹大学收集。将植物洗净并分成不同的部分，以进行解剖和生化研究，鼠尾pyramidalis，狗牙根，白茅，牛筋草，假千日红，伞房Rhinconspora和光头稗是植物品种共同对这些污染的场所。尽管根据位点的变化，表皮和巩膜厚，明显和大量的血管束以及毛状体是这些受污染部位的金属植物与未受污染部位相比的一些解剖学特征。这些工厂还产生PR，GB和PH，其中PH最高，其次是PR和GB。植物不同部分的积累量也随植物种类和渗透压而变化。它们比其他植物部分在叶中的含量更高。在植物物种中，Sporobolus pyramidalis叶和茎中的脯氨酸（3.26和2.63 µg / g FW）和甘氨酸甜菜碱（3.44和2.23 µg / FW）分别最高，其次是Cynodon dactylon，脯氨酸为2.20和0.89 µg / g，2.02和0.94 µg / g FW甘氨酸甜菜碱。在植物中铅的积累上，在根部比其他植物部分发现更多的铅（Pb）。假千日红积累的最高的Pb（4537.50和1081.50毫克/千克）在根和枝条，分别，接着牛筋（3988和699.00毫克/千克），而最低值被记录为光头稗（36.87和5.97毫克/公斤）。在根际土壤中，C。celosioides铅含量最高（34,405.00 mg / kg），高于其他根际土壤。总之，这些金属植物中酚类物质的产生更多，并且所有渗透物在叶片中的含量均高于根。在植物物种和污染水平之间，对重金属暴露的响应的解剖学改变是不同的。植物中铅的积累也随植物种类而变化。