ABSTRACT Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from fertilizer applications reduces efficiency and poses environmental hazards. This study used semi-open static chambers to measure NH3 volatilization from organic fertilizers (feather meal, blood meal, fish emulsion, cyano-fertilizer) to evaluate the impacts of fertilizer source, application method, and rate on NH3 volatilization. In 2014, two application rates (28 and 56 kg N ha−1) were applied to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Solid fertilizers (feather meal, blood meal) were preplant applied in a subsurface band, whereas liquid fertilizers (fish emulsion, cyano-fertilizer) were applied weekly through drip irrigation beginning two weeks after transplanting. In 2015, a single application rate (28 kg N ha−1) was applied to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Solid fertilizers were applied in either subsurface or surface bands. There was a significant difference in NH3 volatilization among fertilizers, but there was little difference between application rates. Liquid fertilizers had lower NH3 emissions than solid fertilizers due to their timing and placement. In 2014, blood meal at 56 kg N ha−1 and feather meal at both rates had the highest NH3 fluxes. In 2015, surface-banded blood and feather meal had the highest NH3 fluxes. Fertilizer decisions for organic systems should consider NH3 emission losses and practices for their reduction.

中文翻译：

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有机肥来源及施用方法影响氨挥发

摘要 施肥过程中的氨 (NH3) 挥发会降低效率并造成环境危害。本研究采用半开放式静态室测量有机肥（羽毛粉、血粉、鱼乳、氰肥）中的 NH3 挥发量，以评估肥料来源、施用方法和用量对 NH3 挥发量的影响。2014 年，对生菜 (Lactuca sativa L.) 施用了两种施用量（28 和 56 kg N ha-1）。固体肥料（羽毛粉、血粉）在种植前在地下带中施用，而液体肥料（鱼乳、氰化肥）在移植后两周开始通过滴灌每周施用。2015 年，对黄瓜 (Cucumis sativus L.) 施用了单一施用量 (28 kg N ha-1)。固体肥料施用在地下或地表带中。肥料间NH3挥发量存在显着差异，但施用量差异不大。由于时间和位置的原因，液体肥料的 NH3 排放量低于固体肥料。2014 年，56 kg N ha-1 的血粉和两种比率的羽毛粉具有最高的 NH3 通量。2015 年，表面带状血液和羽毛粉的 NH3 通量最高。有机系统的肥料决策应考虑 NH3 排放损失和减少它们的做法。56 kg N ha-1 的血粉和两种比率的羽毛粉具有最高的 NH3 通量。2015 年，表面带状血液和羽毛粉的 NH3 通量最高。有机系统的肥料决策应考虑 NH3 排放损失和减少它们的做法。56 kg N ha-1 的血粉和两种比率的羽毛粉具有最高的 NH3 通量。2015 年，表面带状血液和羽毛粉的 NH3 通量最高。有机系统的肥料决策应考虑 NH3 排放损失和减少它们的做法。