Although surface drip irrigation allows an efficient use of water in agriculture, the heterogeneous distribution of soil water complicates its optimal usage. Mathematical models can be used to simulate the dynamics of water in the soil below a dripper and promote: a better understanding, and optimization, of the design of drip irrigation systems, their improved management and their monitoring with soil moisture sensors. The aim of this paper was to find the most appropriate configuration of HYDRUS-3D for simulating the soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated orchard. Special emphasis was placed on the source of the soil hydraulic parameters. Simulations parameterized using the Rosetta approach were therefore compared with others parameterized using that of HYPROP + WP4C. The simulations were validated on a seasonal scale, against measurements made using a neutron probe, and on the time course of several days, against tensiometers. The results showed that the best agreement with soil moisture measurements was achieved with simulations parameterized from HYPROP + WP4C. It further improved when the shape parameter n was empirically calibrated from a subset of neutron probe measurements. The fit of the simulations with measurements was best at positions near the dripper and worsened at positions outside its wetting pattern and at depths of 80 cm or more.

中文翻译：

---

用于滴灌果园土壤水动力学 HYDRUS-3D 模拟的土壤水力参数参数化

尽管地面滴灌可以在农业中有效利用水，但土壤水的异质分布使其最佳利用复杂化。数学模型可用于模拟滴头下方土壤中水的动态变化，并促进：更好地理解和优化滴灌系统的设计、改进管理以及使用土壤湿度传感器进行监测。本文的目的是找到最合适的 HYDRUS-3D 配置，以模拟滴灌果园中的土壤水动力学。特别强调了土壤水力参数的来源。因此，将使用 Rosetta 方法参数化的模拟与使用 HYPROP + WP4C 参数化的其他模拟进行比较。模拟在季节性范围内得到验证，与使用中子探针进行的测量以及在几天的时间过程中与张力计进行的测量相比。结果表明，通过 HYPROP + WP4C 参数化的模拟实现了与土壤水分测量的最佳一致性。当形状参数 n 根据中子探针测量值的子集进行经验校准时，它会得到进一步改进。模拟与测量的拟合在滴头附近的位置最好，在其润湿模式之外的位置和 80 厘米或更多的深度处恶化。当形状参数 n 根据中子探针测量值的子集进行经验校准时，它会得到进一步改进。模拟与测量的拟合在滴头附近的位置最好，在其润湿模式之外的位置和 80 厘米或更多的深度处恶化。当形状参数 n 根据中子探针测量值的子集进行经验校准时，它会得到进一步改进。模拟与测量的拟合在滴头附近的位置最好，在其润湿模式之外的位置和 80 厘米或更多的深度处恶化。