The family Cleomaceae is represented in the Neotropics by nine native lineages, with some of them currently recognized as distinct genera and others in need of clear delimitation. We present here a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the New World Cleomaceae with a more comprehensive sampling, including samples of 62 species with emphasis on Tarenaya and based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA matK and ndhF. Six clades are supported: (1) a new clade comprising Cleome tenuis and Physostemon humilis; and five other previously identified clades: (2) the Dactylaena clade, including the monophyletic Dactylaena and the paraphyletic Physostemon and Mitostylis; (3) the Andean clade, comprising Andinocleome and Podandrogyne; (4) the Melidiscus clade; (5) the Cleoserrata clade, and (6) the Tarenaya clade; the last three corresponding to genera with the same name. The lineage comprising C. tenuis and P. humilis is strongly supported by morphological and molecular datasets, and a new genus, named Iltisiella, comprising these species is proposed here. Tarenaya is clearly demonstrated to be a monophyletic genus, corroborating previous analyses. We identify four subclades in its topology, and the relationships among the species in each subclade revealed to be moderately to strongly resolved. Furthermore, we conducted a historical biogeographical analysis of the New World Cleomaceae on time‐calibrated trees, and our results suggest an Oligocene origin at least 35.02 Mya with a MRCA distributed in Mesoamerica and the Northern Andes. For Tarenaya, our results suggest a Miocene origin at least 17 Mya, with the most recent common ancestor in the Chacoan and Atlantic Forest geographic areas.

中文翻译：

---

新世界菌科的多样化，重点放在塔雷纳亚（Tarenaya）和新属伊尔西氏菌（Iltisiella）的描述

在新热带地区，革兰科有9个本地血统，其中一些目前被认为是不同的属，而另一些则需要明确的界线。我们在这里提出了新世界菌科的一个新的系统发育假说，并进行了更全面的采样，其中包括以n.tna ITS和cpDNA matK和ndhF为基础的62种以塔伦娜为重点的物种。支持六种进化枝：（1）包括Cleome tenuis和Physostemon humilis的新进化枝；以及其他五个先前确定的进化枝：（2）乳齿藻进化枝，包括单系的乳齿藻和副生的Physostemon和线粒体; （3）安第斯山脉，包括安第斯蛛科和Podandrogyne。（4）Melidiscus枝；（5）Cleoserrata进化枝，和（6）Tarenaya进化枝；最后三个对应于同名的属。包含C的世系。细叶和P。形态和分子数据集大力支持了humilis，这里提出了一个由这些物种组成的新属，名为Iltisiella。塔雷纳亚明确证明是单基因属，证实了先前的分析。我们在其拓扑结构中确定了四个子分支，并且每个子分支中物种之间的关系显示为中等至强解析。此外，我们在经过时间校准的树木上进行了新大陆科的历史生物地理分析，我们的研究结果表明渐新世起源于至少35.02 Mya，MRCA分布在中美洲和安第斯山脉北部。对于塔雷纳亚（Tarenaya），我们的结果表明中新世起源于至少17个Mya，最近一次祖先出现在Chacoan和Atlantic Forest地理区域。