Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating disease in elephants caused by either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis. It is an ancient disease, and TB in elephants was first reported over two millennia ago in Sri Lanka. Outbreaks of TB worldwide, in captive and free-ranging elephant populations, have been recorded. Interspecies transmission of TB among elephants and humans has been confirmed in several geographic localities using spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR analysis, and/or comparative genomics. Active surveillance of TB in wild and captive elephants and their handlers is necessary to prevent TB transmission at the elephant-human interface and to aid in the conservation of Asian and African elephants. In this review, we present an overview of diagnosis, reports of TB outbreaks in the past 25 years, TB in wild elephants, its transmission, and possible prevention and control strategies that can be applied at the elephant-human interface.

中文翻译：

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大象结核病：种间传播的起源和证据

结核病 (TB) 是大象的一种毁灭性疾病，由结核分枝杆菌或牛分枝杆菌引起。这是一种古老的疾病，两千年前在斯里兰卡首次报道了大象的结核病。全球范围内圈养和自由放养大象种群中的结核病暴发都有记录。使用 spoligotyping、MIRU-VNTR 分析和/或比较基因组学，已经在几个地理区域证实了大象和人类之间的结核病种间传播。对野生和圈养大象及其处理者的结核病进行主动监测是必要的，以防止结核病在大象与人的交界处传播，并有助于保护亚洲和非洲大象。在这篇综述中，我们概述了诊断、过去 25 年来结核病暴发的报告、野生大象中的结核病、它的传播、