Nowadays, dye-containing effluents are one of the important environmental issues which attracted researcher attentions extensively. Among different methods, used for dye containing effluents treatment, membrane technology has been considered recently. In this study, neat polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiltration membrane and nanocomposite membranes containing clinoptilolite nanoparticles, modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants (PVDF/HDTMA-modified clinoptilolite), were fabricated by wet phase inversion method and their performance in reactive red 120 (RR120) separation from aqueous solution, was investigated. Morphology, surface roughness, functional groups, hydrophilicity and pore size of the fabricated membranes were characterized respectively by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurement (CA), and gravimetric tests. The separation properties of the membranes were also determined by permeation and rejection experiments. Gravimetric test results showed that the average pore size decreased from 5.72 nm in neat PVDF membrane to 4.41 nm in the membrane containing 2.5 wt% HDTMA-modified clinoptilolite nanoparticles. Considering contact angle results of the neat PVDF membrane (CA = 77.5°) and nanocomposite membrane containing 2.5% nanoparticles (CA = 63.7°) it was found that hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite membranes increase as HDTMA-modified clinoptilolite nanoparticles content increases in the polymer matrix. Permeation test results showed that 98.5% of RR120 can be separated by using a nanocomposite membranes containing 2.5 wt% HDTMA-modified clinoptilolite nanoparticles while its flux can be recovered to 96%.

中文翻译：

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PVDF/HDTMA改性斜发沸石纳米复合膜在去除水溶液中活性染料中的应用


目前，含染料废水已成为引起研究者广泛关注的重要环境问题之一。在用于处理含染料废水的不同方法中，膜技术最近被考虑。本研究采用湿相转化法制备了纯聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）纳滤膜和含有十六烷基三甲基溴化铵表面活性剂（PVDF/HDTMA改性斜发沸石）改性的斜发沸石纳米颗粒的纳米复合膜，并研究了它们在活性红120（RR120）中的性能。对其与水溶液的分离进行了研究。分别采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、接触角测量(CA)对制备的膜的形貌、表面粗糙度、官能团、亲水性和孔径进行表征和重量测试。膜的分离性能也通过渗透和截留实验来确定。重量测试结果表明，平均孔径从纯PVDF膜的5.72 nm减小到含有2.5 wt% HDTMA改性斜发沸石纳米粒子的膜中的4.41 nm。考虑纯 PVDF 膜（CA = 77.5°）和含有 2.5% 纳米颗粒的纳米复合膜（CA = 63.7°）的接触角结果，发现纳米复合膜的亲水性随着聚合物基质中 HDTMA 改性斜发沸石纳米颗粒含量的增加而增加。渗透测试结果表明，含有2.5 wt% HDTMA改性斜发沸石纳米颗粒的纳米复合膜可以分离98.5%的RR120，同时其通量可以恢复到96%。