Abstract Synergies between the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the deployment of bioeconomy that induces resource-efficient and sustainable biomass production patterns are in the core of discussion for the new CAP in Poland. Proactive greening mechanisms likely to enable a large-scale diffusion of willow plantation are investigated in this respect, including diversification schemes combined with incentives making willow plantation more attractive to farmers. A comprehensive approach to modelling farm diversification options is therefore provided by means of an integrated bioeconomic framework which relies on linking the agricultural supply model AROPAj with the crop model STICS. The economic and environmental impacts related to the gross margin, land use change, nitrogen (N) fertiliser use, and greenhouse gas emissions, i.e. methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), are assessed at the regional scale according to the type of farming and the economic size. Under current crop diversification conditions only 9% of farm groups (FG) may opt for willow, benefiting solely from diversification support whereas subsidising willow increases this percentage up to 20% and 45%, for a received allocation amount equal to € 100 ha − 1 and € 200 ha − 1 , respectively. The uptake of willow is particularly high within small and middle-sized FG and within those specialising in grazing activities. Regarding the environmental impacts, the higher the number of required crops, the lower the N-fertiliser use, and in most cases, a coupled support policy (when willow plantation is subsidised) further reduces N-use, and consequently N 2 O emissions. Unlike grazing-oriented FG, crop-oriented FG tend to significantly increase their CH 4 emissions due to the intensification of grazing activities. The countrywide coverage of the findings and their economic and spatial detail can support informed policies for sustainable bio-based activities development.

中文翻译：

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农业系统对波兰生物经济的贡献：在程式化的 CAP 多样化背景下整合柳树

摘要 共同农业政策 (CAP) 与促进资源高效和可持续生物质生产模式的生物经济部署之间的协同作用是波兰新 CAP 讨论的核心。在这方面研究了可能使柳树种植大规模扩散的主动绿化机制，包括多样化计划与激励措施相结合，使柳树种植对农民更具吸引力。因此，通过综合生物经济框架提供了一种模拟农场多样化选项的综合方法，该框架依赖于将农业供应模型 AROPAj 与作物模型 STICS 联系起来。与毛利率、土地利用变化、氮 (N) 肥料使用和温室气体排放相关的经济和环境影响，即 甲烷 (CH 4 ) 和一氧化二氮 (N 2 O) 根据农业类型和经济规模在区域范围内进行评估。在目前的作物多样化条件下，只有 9% 的农场团体 (FG) 可以选择柳树，仅从多样化支持中受益，而补贴柳树将这一百分比提高到 20% 和 45%，收到的分配金额等于 100 公顷 - 1和 € 200 ha - 1 ，分别。在中小型 FG 和专门从事放牧活动的那些中，柳树的吸收率特别高。关于环境影响，所需作物的数量越多，氮肥的使用量就越低，而且在大多数情况下，配套的支持政策（当柳树种植得到补贴时）进一步减少了氮的使用，从而减少了 N 2 O 的排放。与以放牧为导向的 FG 不同，由于放牧活动的加剧，以作物为导向的 FG 往往会显着增加其 CH 4 排放。调查结果的全国覆盖范围及其经济和空间细节可以支持可持续生物活动发展的知情政策。