Abstract Thunderstorms and lightnings are natural particle accelerator systems. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, caused by relativistic runaway electron avalanches, produce bursts of X and γ rays, energetic enough to produce photo-nuclear reactions within the atmosphere. Such reactions cause the generation of new isotopes, which modify the air composition locally and produce new ways of detecting and characterizing this high-energy phenomena. In this work we explore, using the general purpose Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA, the production of secondaries after a Terrestrial gamma-ray flash and analyze the generation of new isotopes in detail. Their abundance, time and energy profiles are studied, which can be useful for establishing new measuring strategies.

中文翻译：

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雷暴中的同位素产生

摘要 雷暴和闪电是自然的粒子加速器系统。由相对论失控电子雪崩引起的地面伽马射线闪光会产生 X 射线和 γ 射线爆发，其能量足以在大气中产生光核反应。这种反应会产生新的同位素，从而局部改变空气成分，并产生检测和表征这种高能现象的新方法。在这项工作中，我们使用通用蒙特卡洛传输代码 FLUKA 探索了地球伽马射线闪光后次级物质的产生，并详细分析了新同位素的产生。研究了它们的丰度、时间和能量分布，这对建立新的测量策略很有用。