The first coal mining in India was started in the seventeenth century with an unplanned way in Raniganj coalfield, the coal capital of India. The coalfield was possessed by several small private companies which were nationalized in 1973. A part plan of Chanch/Victoria Area, Victoria West Colliery, BCCL, Raniganj Coalfield, India, indicates an underground coal mine gallery/goaf in the Begunia Coal-seam that connects to a Light Casting Factory. It was established as “Barakar Iron Works” in the year 1881 by the government at that time. It is understood that the approaching gallery was used for coal supply to the “Light Casting Factory” by the mining of “Begunia Coal-Seam”. Mostly, these are uncharted and very poorly documented with scarce mine plans. So, the present study attempts to explore the location, depth, extension, and condition of the old working gallery through time-lapse monitoring using a combined study comprising of Self-Potential (SP) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) techniques. Four SP profiles data along a line and thirteen ERT profiles data in four different lines were collected across the expected site with different station/electrode spacing covering different profile length in four seasons, viz., Summer (May 2016), Monsoon (August 2016), Post-Monsoon (October 2016) and Summer (April 2017). SP data were analysed using simulated annealing (SA) optimization technique for the evaluation of model parameters. The ERT data were acquired using Wenner, Dipole–Dipole and Schlumberger arrays and inversion of the combined data set was performed using the 2.5D ZZRESINV inversion software. Prominent negative SP signature with equivalent low resistivity anomaly have been delineated that possibly indicate the presence of the old mine working/mine gallery. However, the overall results of time-lapse study inferred that the ground is stable. All results are corroborated with available lithology and field photographs.

中文翻译：

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使用自电势和电阻率层析成像方法对印度Raniganj煤田的一部分穿越铁路的老矿进行制图的时移研究

印度的第一座煤矿开采始于17世纪，当时是通过无计划的方式在印度煤炭之都Raniganj煤田开采的。该煤田由几家小型私人公司拥有，这些公司在1973年被国有化。印度Chanel / Victoria Area，维多利亚西煤矿，BCCL，Raniganj Coalfield的部分计划表明，Begunia煤层中的地下煤矿廊/采空区连接到轻型铸造工厂。它在当时的政府于1881年成立为“巴拉卡钢铁厂”。据了解，即将到来的通道是通过开采“ Begunia Coal-Seam”向“轻型铸造厂”供应煤炭的。大多数情况下，这些都是未知的，并且缺乏稀有的矿山计划的文献很少。因此，本研究试图探索位置，深度，延伸，通过使用自电势（SP）和电阻率层析成像（ERT）技术的组合研究，通过延时监控来监视旧工作画廊的状况。沿预期地点收集了沿一条线的四个SP剖面数据和沿四个不同线的十三个ERT剖面数据，在四个季节中不同的站点/电极间距覆盖了不同的剖面长度，即夏季（2016年5月），季风（2016年8月） ，季风后（2016年10月）和夏季（2017年4月）。使用模拟退火（SA）优化技术分析SP数据，以评估模型参数。使用Wenner，Dipole-Dipole和Schlumberger阵列获取ERT数据，并使用2.5D ZZRESINV反演软件对组合数据集进行反演。已经描绘出具有等效的低电阻率异常的突出的负SP信号，这可能表明存在着古老的矿山工作/矿井通道。但是，延时研究的总体结果表明地面是稳定的。所有结果均得到可用的岩性和野外照片的证实。