Boundary-layer schemes are essential components of numerical weather-forecasting and climate models. From simple beginnings 50 years ago, they have grown in sophistication and detail. Here, we review development and discuss the key processes to be represented and how they have most commonly been parametrized. We conclude by discussing the challenges posed by ever-increasing model resolution and a growing emphasis on the forecasting of extreme events. Throughout, we emphasize the place of the boundary-layer scheme within the whole model and its interactions with other components of the model.

中文翻译：

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数值天气预报和气候模型中边界层过程的表示

边界层方案是数值天气预报和气候模型的重要组成部分。从 50 年前的简单开始，它们变得更加精致和细节。在这里，我们回顾开发并讨论要表示的关键流程以及它们最常见的参数化方式。最后，我们讨论了模型分辨率不断提高和对极端事件预测的日益重视所带来的挑战。在整个模型中，我们强调边界层方案的位置及其与模型其他组件的交互。