Arteriovenous fistula creation is the preferred vascular access for haemodialysis therapy, but has a large failure rate in the maturation period. This period generally lasts 6 to 8 weeks after surgical creation, in which the vein and artery undergo extensive vascular remodelling. In this review, we outline proposed mechanisms for both arteriovenous fistula maturation and arteriovenous fistula failure. Clinical, animal and computational studies have not yet shown a definitive link between any metric and disease development, although a number of theories based on wall shear stress metrics have been suggested. Recent work allowing patient-based longitudinal studies may hold the key to understanding arteriovenous fistula maturation processes.

动静脉瘘是血液透析治疗的首选血管通路，但在成熟期的失败率很高。这一时期通常在手术后持续 6 至 8 周，其中静脉和动脉经历广泛的血管重塑。在这篇综述中，我们概述了动静脉瘘成熟和动静脉瘘衰竭的拟议机制。临床、动物和计算研究尚未显示任何度量与疾病发展之间的明确联系，尽管已经提出了许多基于壁剪切应力度量的理论。最近允许基于患者的纵向研究的工作可能是了解动静脉瘘成熟过程的关键。