In the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication, high‐speed railway (HSR) communication is one of the most challenging scenarios. By adopting massive multi‐input multioutput (mMIMO) technology in HSR communication, the design of the underlying communication system becomes more challenging. Some new channel characteristics must be studied, such as nonstationarity in space, time, and frequency domains. In this paper, two models are established for the two states of HSR. When the HSR stops, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) stationary channel model based on the single‐ring distribution of the scatterers is established. When the HSR moves, a 3‐D nonstationary geometric random channel model (GRCM) based on the cylinder distribution of the scatterers by introducing the birth and death process of the propagation path and time‐varying characteristics of the channel parameters is established. Moreover, a time evolution algorithm for time‐varying channel parameters is proposed, and a modularization study of key parameter update algorithms is conducted. Finally, based on the proposed 3‐D nonstationary geometric random channel model, important time‐varying channel statistical characteristics, such as time autocorrelation function (ACF), spatial cross‐correlation function (CCF), Doppler power spectral density (DPSD), and stationary interval are studied. Simulation results indicate that the properties of the proposed channel models, verified by simulation results, can match well with those of the theoretical model.

中文翻译：

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高速铁路无线通信的3D大规模MIMO信道模型

在第五代（5G）无线通信中，高速铁路（HSR）通信是最具挑战性的方案之一。通过在HSR通信中采用大规模多输入多输出（mMIMO）技术，底层通信系统的设计变得更具挑战性。必须研究一些新的信道特性，例如空间，时域和频域的非平稳性。本文针对高铁的两种状态建立了两种模型。当HSR停止时，将建立基于散射体单环分布的三维（3D）固定通道模型。高铁移动时 通过介绍传播路径的生死过程和信道参数的时变特性，建立了基于散射体圆柱分布的3D非平稳几何随机信道模型（GRCM）。此外，提出了一种时变信道参数的时间演化算法，并对关键参数更新算法进行了模块化研究。最后，基于提出的3D非平稳几何随机信道模型，重要的时变信道统计特性，例如时间自相关函数（ACF），空间互相关函数（CCF），多普勒功率谱密度（DPSD）和研究固定间隔。仿真结果表明，所提出的渠道模型的属性已通过仿真结果进行了验证，