The removal of cholesterol from lipid obtained from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cephalothorax using saponin in conjunction with celite under various conditions is investigated. Various lipid:saponin ratios (1:2, 1:4, and 1:6, W/W) with different lipid:solvent ratios (1:20, 1:40, and 1:80, W/V) are employed with a treatment time of 4 h. The highest cholesterol removal (88.77 ± 0.18%) is obtained with a lipid:saponin ratio of 1:6 and 20 volumes of 50% ethanol. As the treatment time is increased from 1 to 4 h, higher cholesterol removal is achieved. Lipid peroxides and conjugated dienes are higher in the lipid after cholesterol removal compared to untreated lipid, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, the ρ‐anisidine value and free fatty acids are reduced. However, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in the saponin‐treated lipid (18.06 ± 0.37 g/100 g⁻¹) is higher than that of untreated lipid (15.80 ± 0.17 g/100 g⁻¹). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of hydroperoxides, with lower aldehyde, phospholipid and free fatty acid contents in the cholesterol‐removed lipid. The process developed employing saponin is able to produce crude shrimp lipid with a pronounced decrease in cholesterol, but augmented PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

中文翻译：

---

皂苷在太平洋白对虾脂质中去除胆固醇的应用

从太平洋白虾（南美白对虾）获得的脂质中去除胆固醇）研究了在各种条件下将皂苷与硅藻土结合使用的头胸部。使用具有不同脂质：溶剂比例（W / V：1：20、1：40和1:80）的各种脂质：皂苷比例（1：2、1：4和1：6，W / W）处理时间为4小时。脂质：皂苷比例为1：6和20体积的50％乙醇可获得最高的胆固醇去除率（88.77±0.18％）。随着治疗时间从1小时增加到4小时，可以实现更高的胆固醇去除率。与未经处理的脂质相比，去除胆固醇后脂质中的脂质过氧化物和共轭二烯含量更高，而硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质，ρ-茴香胺值和游离脂肪酸则降低。但是，皂苷处理过的脂质中的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量（18.06±0.37 g / 100 g ^-1）高于未处理的脂质（15.80±0.17 g / 100 g ^-1）。FTIR光谱证实了氢过氧化物的形成，在除去胆固醇的脂质中醛，磷脂和游离脂肪酸的含量较低。利用皂苷开发的工艺能够生产粗虾脂，胆固醇明显降低，但PUFA含量增加，尤其是二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。