• Glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) are regarded as biofactories for synthesizing, storing, and secreting artemisinin. It is necessary to figure out the initiation and development regulatory mechanism of GSTs to cultivate high‐yielding Artemisia annua.
• Here, we identified an MYB transcription factor, AaTAR2, from bioinformatics analysis of the A. annua genome database and Arabidopsis trichome development‐related genes. AaTAR2 is mainly expressed in young leaves and located in the nucleus. Repression and overexpression of AaTAR2 resulted in a decrease and increase, respectively, in the GSTs numbers, leaf biomass, and the artemisinin content in transgenic plants. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics changed obviously in trichomes, suggesting AaTAR2 plays a key role in trichome formation.
• In addition, the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and total flavonoid content increased dramatically in AaTAR2‐overexpressing transgenic plants. Owing to flavonoids possibly counteracting emerging resistance to artemisinin in Plasmodium species, AaTAR2 is a potential target to improve the effect of artemisinin in clinical therapy.
• Taken together, AaTAR2 positively regulates trichome development and artemisinin and flavonoid biosynthesis. A better understanding of this ‘multiple functions’ transcription factor may enable enhanced artemisinin and flavonoids yield. AaTAR2 is a potential breeding target for cultivating high‐quality A. annua.

中文翻译：

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曲毛和青蒿素调节剂2积极调节青蒿中的曲毛发育和青蒿素的生物合成。

• 腺分泌毛状体（GST）被认为是合成，储存和分泌青蒿素的生物工厂。有必要弄清楚GSTs的启动和调控机制，以培育高产的青蒿。
• 在这里，我们从A的生物信息学分析中确定了MYB转录因子AaTAR2 。 年青基因组数据库和拟南芥毛状体发育相关基因。AaTAR2主要在幼叶中表达并位于细胞核中。抑制和过表达AaTAR2分别导致转基因植物中GST数量，叶片生物量和青蒿素含量的减少和增加。此外，毛状体的形态特征发生了明显变化，表明AaTAR2在毛状体形成中起关键作用。
• 此外，类黄酮生物合成的基因和总黄酮含量的表达急剧增加AaTAR2 -overexpressing转基因植物。由于类黄酮可能抵消了疟原虫物种中对青蒿素的新兴耐药性，因此AaTAR2是提高青蒿素在临床治疗中的作用的潜在靶标。
• 两者合计，AaTAR2积极调节毛状体的发育以及青蒿素和类黄酮的生物合成。更好地理解这种“多功能”转录因子可以提高青蒿素和类黄酮的产量。AaTAR2是培养优质A的潜在育种目标。 年青。